mm, oom: do not enforce OOM killer for __GFP_NOFAIL automatically

__alloc_pages_may_oom makes sure to skip the OOM killer depending on the
allocation request.  This includes lowmem requests, costly high order
requests and others.  For a long time __GFP_NOFAIL acted as an override
for all those rules.  This is not documented and it can be quite
surprising as well.  E.g.  GFP_NOFS requests are not invoking the OOM
killer but GFP_NOFS|__GFP_NOFAIL does so if we try to convert some of
the existing open coded loops around allocator to nofail request (and we
have done that in the past) then such a change would have a non trivial
side effect which is far from obvious.  Note that the primary motivation
for skipping the OOM killer is to prevent from pre-mature invocation.

The exception has been added by commit 82553a937f12 ("oom: invoke oom
killer for __GFP_NOFAIL").  The changelog points out that the oom killer
has to be invoked otherwise the request would be looping for ever.  But
this argument is rather weak because the OOM killer doesn't really
guarantee a forward progress for those exceptional cases:

- it will hardly help to form costly order which in turn can result in
  the system panic because of no oom killable task in the end - I believe
  we certainly do not want to put the system down just because there is a
  nasty driver asking for order-9 page with GFP_NOFAIL not realizing all
  the consequences.  It is much better this request would loop for ever
  than the massive system disruption

- lowmem is also highly unlikely to be freed during OOM killer

- GFP_NOFS request could trigger while there is still a lot of memory
  pinned by filesystems.

This patch simply removes the __GFP_NOFAIL special case in order to have a
more clear semantic without surprising side effects.

Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Nils Holland <nholland@tisys.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: consolidate GFP_NOFAIL checks in the allocator slowpath

Tetsuo Handa has pointed out that commit 0a0337e0d1d1 ("mm, oom: rework
oom detection") has subtly changed semantic for costly high order
requests with __GFP_NOFAIL and withtout __GFP_REPEAT and those can fail
right now.  My code inspection didn't reveal any such users in the tree
but it is true that this might lead to unexpected allocation failures
and subsequent OOPs.

__alloc_pages_slowpath wrt.  GFP_NOFAIL is hard to follow currently.
There are few special cases but we are lacking a catch all place to be
sure we will not miss any case where the non failing allocation might
fail.  This patch reorganizes the code a bit and puts all those special
cases under nopage label which is the generic go-to-fail path.  Non
failing allocations are retried or those that cannot retry like
non-sleeping allocation go to the failure point directly.  This should
make the code flow much easier to follow and make it less error prone
for future changes.

While we are there we have to move the stall check up to catch
potentially looping non-failing allocations.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix alloc_flags may-be-used-uninitalized]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220134904.21023-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

lib/show_mem.c: teach show_mem to work with the given nodemask

show_mem() allows to filter out node specific data which is irrelevant
to the allocation request via SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES.  The filtering is
done in skip_free_areas_node which skips all nodes which are not in the
mems_allowed of the current process.  This works most of the time as
expected because the nodemask shouldn't be outside of the allocating
task but there are some exceptions.  E.g.  memory hotplug might want to
request allocations from outside of the allowed nodes (see
new_node_page).

Get rid of this hardcoded behavior and push the allocation mask down the
show_mem path and use it instead of cpuset_current_mems_allowed.  NULL
nodemask is interpreted as cpuset_current_mems_allowed.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-5-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

arch, mm: remove arch specific show_mem

We have a generic implementation for quite some time already.  If there
is any arch specific information to be printed then we should add a
callback called from the generic code rather than duplicate the whole
show_mem.

The current code has resulted in the code duplication and the output
divergence which is both confusing and adds maintainance costs.

Let's just get rid of this mess.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> [UniCore32]
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> [for parisc]
Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com> [for tile]
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, page_alloc: warn_alloc print nodemask

warn_alloc is currently used for to report an allocation failure or an
allocation stall.  We print some details of the allocation request like
the gfp mask and the request order.  We do not print the allocation
nodemask which is important when debugging the reason for the allocation
failure as well.  We alreaddy print the nodemask in the OOM report.

Add nodemask to warn_alloc and print it in warn_alloc as well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, page_alloc: do not report all nodes in show_mem

Patch series "show_mem updates", v2.

This is a mixture of one bug fix (patch 1), an enhancement (patch 2) and
cleanups (the rest of the series).  First two patches should be really
straightforward.  Patch 3 removes some arch specific show_mem
implementations because I think they are quite outdated and do not
really serve any useful purpose anymore.  I think we should really
strive to have a consistent show_mem output regardless of the
architecture.  If some architecture is really special and wants to dump
something additional we should do that via an arch specific hook.

The last patch adds nodemask parameter so that we do not rely on the
hardcoded mems_allowed of the current task when doing the node
filtering.  I consider this more a cleanup than a fix because basically
all users use a nodemask which is a subset of mems_allowed.  There is
only one call path in the memory hotplug which doesn't comply with this
but that is hardly something to worry about.

This patch (of 4):

Commit 599d0c954f91 ("mm, vmscan: move LRU lists to node") has added per
numa node statistics to show_mem but it forgot to add
skip_free_areas_node to filter out nodes which are outside of the
allocating task numa policy.  Add this check to not pollute the output
with the pointless information.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Revert "mm: bail out in shrink_inactive_list()"

This reverts commit 91dcade47a3d0e7.

inactive_reclaimable_pages shouldn't be needed anymore since that
get_scan_count is aware of the eligble zones ("mm, vmscan: consider
eligible zones in get_scan_count").

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117103702.28542-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpchxg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: consider eligible zones in get_scan_count

get_scan_count() considers the whole node LRU size when

 - doing SCAN_FILE due to many page cache inactive pages
 - calculating the number of pages to scan

In both cases this might lead to unexpected behavior especially on 32b
systems where we can expect lowmem memory pressure very often.

A large highmem zone can easily distort SCAN_FILE heuristic because
there might be only few file pages from the eligible zones on the node
lru and we would still enforce file lru scanning which can lead to
trashing while we could still scan anonymous pages.

The later use of lruvec_lru_size can be problematic as well.  Especially
when there are not many pages from the eligible zones.  We would have to
skip over many pages to find anything to reclaim but shrink_node_memcg
would only reduce the remaining number to scan by SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX at
maximum.  Therefore we can end up going over a large LRU many times
without actually having chance to reclaim much if anything at all.  The
closer we are out of memory on lowmem zone the worse the problem will
be.

Fix this by filtering out all the ineligible zones when calculating the
lru size for both paths and consider only sc->reclaim_idx zones.

The patch would need to be tweaked a bit to apply to 4.10 and older but
I will do that as soon as it hits the Linus tree in the next merge
window.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117103702.28542-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Fixes: b2e18757f2c9 ("mm, vmscan: begin reclaiming pages on a per-node basis")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: Trevor Cordes <trevor@tecnopolis.ca>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.8+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: cleanup lru size claculations

lruvec_lru_size returns the full size of the LRU list while we sometimes
need a value reduced only to eligible zones (e.g.  for lowmem requests).
inactive_list_is_low is one such user.  Later patches will add more of
them.  Add a new parameter to lruvec_lru_size and allow it filter out
zones which are not eligible for the given context.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117103702.28542-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: do not count freed pages as PGDEACTIVATE

PGDEACTIVATE represents the number of pages moved from the active list
to the inactive list.  At least this sounds like the original motivation
of the counter.  move_active_pages_to_lru, however, counts pages which
got freed in the mean time as deactivated as well.  This is a very rare
event and counting them as deactivation in itself is not harmful but it
makes the code more convoluted than necessary - we have to count both
all pages and those which are freed which is a bit confusing.

After this patch the PGDEACTIVATE should have a slightly more clear
semantic and only count those pages which are moved from the active to
the inactive list which is a plus.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170112211221.17636-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/backing-dev.c: use rb_entry()

To make the code clearer, use rb_entry() instead of container_of() to
deal with rbtree.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/671275de093d93ddc7c6f77ddc0d357149691a39.1484306840.git.geliangtang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@gmail.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, thp: add new defer+madvise defrag option

There is no thp defrag option that currently allows MADV_HUGEPAGE
regions to do direct compaction and reclaim while all other thp
allocations simply trigger kswapd and kcompactd in the background and
fail immediately.

The "defer" setting simply triggers background reclaim and compaction
for all regions, regardless of MADV_HUGEPAGE, which makes it unusable
for our userspace where MADV_HUGEPAGE is being used to indicate the
application is willing to wait for work for thp memory to be available.

The "madvise" setting will do direct compaction and reclaim for these
MADV_HUGEPAGE regions, but does not trigger kswapd and kcompactd in the
background for anybody else.

For reasonable usage, there needs to be a mesh between the two options.
This patch introduces a fifth mode, "defer+madvise", that will do direct
reclaim and compaction for MADV_HUGEPAGE regions and trigger background
reclaim and compaction for everybody else so that hugepages may be
available in the near future.

A proposal to allow direct reclaim and compaction for MADV_HUGEPAGE
regions as part of the "defer" mode, making it a very powerful setting
and avoids breaking userspace, was offered:
     http://marc.info/?t=148236612700003
This additional mode is a compromise.

A second proposal to allow both "defer" and "madvise" to be selected at
the same time was also offered:
     http://marc.info/?t=148357345300001.
This is possible, but there was a concern that it might break existing
userspaces the parse the output of the defrag mode, so the fifth option
was introduced instead.

This patch also cleans up the helper function for storing to "enabled"
and "defrag" since the former supports three modes while the latter
supports five and triple_flag_store() was getting unnecessarily messy.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1701101614330.41805@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: skip readahead only when swap slot cache is enabled

Because during swap off, a swap entry may have swap_map[] ==
SWAP_HAS_CACHE (for example, just allocated).  If we return NULL in
__read_swap_cache_async(), the swap off will abort.  So when swap slot
cache is disabled, (for swap off), we will wait for page to be put into
swap cache in such race condition.  This should not be a problem for swap
slot cache, because swap slot cache should be drained after clearing
swap_slot_cache_enabled.

[ying.huang@intel.com: fix memory leak in __read_swap_cache_async()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/874lzt6znd.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5e2c5f6abe8e6eb0797408897b1bba80938e9b9d.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: enable swap slots cache usage

Initialize swap slots cache and enable it on swap on.  Drain all swap
slots on swap off.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/07cbc94882fa95d4ac3cfc50b8dce0b1ec231b93.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: add cache for swap slots allocation

We add per cpu caches for swap slots that can be allocated and freed
quickly without the need to touch the swap info lock.

Two separate caches are maintained for swap slots allocated and swap
slots returned.  This is to allow the swap slots to be returned to the
global pool in a batch so they will have a chance to be coaelesced with
other slots in a cluster.  We do not reuse the slots that are returned
right away, as it may increase fragmentation of the slots.

The swap allocation cache is protected by a mutex as we may sleep when
searching for empty slots in cache.  The swap free cache is protected by
a spin lock as we cannot sleep in the free path.

We refill the swap slots cache when we run out of slots, and we disable
the swap slots cache and drain the slots if the global number of slots
fall below a low watermark threshold.  We re-enable the cache agian when
the slots available are above a high watermark.

[ying.huang@intel.com: use raw_cpu_ptr over this_cpu_ptr for swap slots access]
[tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com: add comments on locks in swap_slots.h]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170118180327.GA24225@linux.intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/35de301a4eaa8daa2977de6e987f2c154385eb66.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: free swap slots in batch

Add new functions that free unused swap slots in batches without the
need to reacquire swap info lock.  This improves scalability and reduce
lock contention.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c25e0fcdfd237ec4ca7db91631d3b9f6ed23824e.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: allocate swap slots in batches

Currently, the swap slots are allocated one page at a time, causing
contention to the swap_info lock protecting the swap partition on every
page being swapped.

This patch adds new functions get_swap_pages and scan_swap_map_slots to
request multiple swap slots at once.  This will reduces the lock
contention on the swap_info lock.  Also scan_swap_map_slots can operate
more efficiently as swap slots often occurs in clusters close to each
other on a swap device and it is quicker to allocate them together.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9fec2845544371f62c3763d43510045e33d286a6.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: skip readahead for unreferenced swap slots

We can avoid needlessly allocating page for swap slots that are not used
by anyone.  No pages have to be read in for these slots.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/0784b3f20b9bd3aa5552219624cb78dc4ae710c9.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: split swap cache into 64MB trunks

The patch is to improve the scalability of the swap out/in via using
fine grained locks for the swap cache.  In current kernel, one address
space will be used for each swap device.  And in the common
configuration, the number of the swap device is very small (one is
typical).  This causes the heavy lock contention on the radix tree of
the address space if multiple tasks swap out/in concurrently.

But in fact, there is no dependency between pages in the swap cache.  So
that, we can split the one shared address space for each swap device
into several address spaces to reduce the lock contention.  In the
patch, the shared address space is split into 64MB trunks.  64MB is
chosen to balance the memory space usage and effect of lock contention
reduction.

The size of struct address_space on x86_64 architecture is 408B, so with
the patch, 6528B more memory will be used for every 1GB swap space on
x86_64 architecture.

One address space is still shared for the swap entries in the same 64M
trunks.  To avoid lock contention for the first round of swap space
allocation, the order of the swap clusters in the initial free clusters
list is changed.  The swap space distance between the consecutive swap
clusters in the free cluster list is at least 64M.  After the first
round of allocation, the swap clusters are expected to be freed
randomly, so the lock contention should be reduced effectively.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/735bab895e64c930581ffb0a05b661e01da82bc5.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: add cluster lock

This patch is to reduce the lock contention of swap_info_struct->lock
via using a more fine grained lock in swap_cluster_info for some swap
operations.  swap_info_struct->lock is heavily contended if multiple
processes reclaim pages simultaneously.  Because there is only one lock
for each swap device.  While in common configuration, there is only one
or several swap devices in the system.  The lock protects almost all
swap related operations.

In fact, many swap operations only access one element of
swap_info_struct->swap_map array.  And there is no dependency between
different elements of swap_info_struct->swap_map.  So a fine grained
lock can be used to allow parallel access to the different elements of
swap_info_struct->swap_map.

In this patch, a spinlock is added to swap_cluster_info to protect the
elements of swap_info_struct->swap_map in the swap cluster and the
fields of swap_cluster_info.  This reduced locking contention for
swap_info_struct->swap_map access greatly.

Because of the added spinlock, the size of swap_cluster_info increases
from 4 bytes to 8 bytes on the 64 bit and 32 bit system.  This will use
additional 4k RAM for every 1G swap space.

Because the size of swap_cluster_info is much smaller than the size of
the cache line (8 vs 64 on x86_64 architecture), there may be false
cache line sharing between spinlocks in swap_cluster_info.  To avoid the
false sharing in the first round of the swap cluster allocation, the
order of the swap clusters in the free clusters list is changed.  So
that, the swap_cluster_info sharing the same cache line will be placed
as far as possible.  After the first round of allocation, the order of
the clusters in free clusters list is expected to be random.  So the
false sharing should be not serious.

Compared with a previous implementation using bit_spin_lock, the
sequential swap out throughput improved about 3.2%.  Test was done on a
Xeon E5 v3 system.  The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM
(persistent memory) device.  To test the sequential swapping out, the
test case created 32 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to
the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used.

[ying.huang@intel.com: v5]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/878tqeuuic.fsf_-_@yhuang-dev.intel.com
[minchan@kernel.org: initialize spinlock for swap_cluster_info]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486434945-29753-1-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
[hughd@google.com: annotate nested locking for cluster lock]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1702161050540.21773@eggly.anvils
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/dbb860bbd825b1aaba18988015e8963f263c3f0d.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/swap: fix kernel message in swap_info_get()

Patch series "mm/swap: Regular page swap optimizations", v5.

Times have changed.  Coming generation of Solid state Block device
latencies are getting down to sub 100 usec, which is within an order of
magnitude of DRAM, and their performance is orders of magnitude higher
than the single- spindle rotational media we've swapped to historically.

This could benefit many usage scenearios.  For example cloud providers
who overcommit their memory (as VM don't use all the memory
provisioned).  Having a fast swap will allow them to be more aggressive
in memory overcommit and fit more VMs to a platform.

In our testing [see footnote], the median latency that the kernel adds
to a page fault is 15 usec, which comes quite close to the amount that
will be contributed by the underlying I/O devices.

The software latency comes mostly from contentions on the locks
protecting the radix tree of the swap cache and also the locks
protecting the individual swap devices.  The lock contentions already
consumed 35% of cpu cycles in our test.  In the very near future,
software latency will become the bottleneck to swap performnace as block
device I/O latency gets within the shouting distance of DRAM speed.

This patch set, reduced the median page fault latency from 15 usec to 4
usec (375% reduction) for DRAM based pmem block device.

This patch (of 9):

swap_info_get() is used not only in swap free code path but also in
page_swapcount(), etc.  So the original kernel message in swap_info_get()
is not correct now.  Fix it via replacing "swap_free" to "swap_info_get"
in the message.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9b5f8bd6266f9da978c373f2384c8044df5e262c.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> escreveu:
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

powerpc: do not make the entire heap executable

On 32-bit powerpc the ELF PLT sections of binaries (built with
--bss-plt, or with a toolchain which defaults to it) look like this:

  [17] .sbss             NOBITS          0002aff8 01aff8 000014 00  WA  0   0  4
  [18] .plt              NOBITS          0002b00c 01aff8 000084 00 WAX  0   0  4
  [19] .bss              NOBITS          0002b090 01aff8 0000a4 00  WA  0   0  4

Which results in an ELF load header:

  Type           Offset   VirtAddr   PhysAddr   FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align
  LOAD           0x019c70 0x00029c70 0x00029c70 0x01388 0x014c4 RWE 0x10000

This is all correct, the load region containing the PLT is marked as
executable.  Note that the PLT starts at 0002b00c but the file mapping
ends at 0002aff8, so the PLT falls in the 0 fill section described by
the load header, and after a page boundary.

Unfortunately the generic ELF loader ignores the X bit in the load
headers when it creates the 0 filled non-file backed mappings.  It
assumes all of these mappings are RW BSS sections, which is not the case
for PPC.

gcc/ld has an option (--secure-plt) to not do this, this is said to
incur a small performance penalty.

Currently, to support 32-bit binaries with PLT in BSS kernel maps
*entire brk area* with executable rights for all binaries, even
--secure-plt ones.

Stop doing that.

Teach the ELF loader to check the X bit in the relevant load header and
create 0 filled anonymous mappings that are executable if the load
header requests that.

Test program showing the difference in /proc/$PID/maps:

int main() {
char buf[16*1024];
char *p = malloc(123); /* make "[heap]" mapping appear */
int fd = open("/proc/self/maps", O_RDONLY);
int len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
write(1, buf, len);
printf("%p\n", p);
return 0;
}

Compiled using: gcc -mbss-plt -m32 -Os test.c -otest

Unpatched ppc64 kernel:
00100000-00120000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                                  [vdso]
0fe10000-0ffd0000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 67898094                           /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so
0ffd0000-0ffe0000 r--p 001b0000 fd:00 67898094                           /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so
0ffe0000-0fff0000 rw-p 001c0000 fd:00 67898094                           /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so
10000000-10010000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 100674505                          /home/user/test
10010000-10020000 r--p 00000000 fd:00 100674505                          /home/user/test
10020000-10030000 rw-p 00010000 fd:00 100674505                          /home/user/test
10690000-106c0000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
f7f70000-f7fa0000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 67898089                           /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
f7fa0000-f7fb0000 r--p 00020000 fd:00 67898089                           /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
f7fb0000-f7fc0000 rw-p 00030000 fd:00 67898089                           /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
ffa90000-ffac0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [stack]
0x10690008

Patched ppc64 kernel:
00100000-00120000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                                  [vdso]
0fe10000-0ffd0000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 67898094                           /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so
0ffd0000-0ffe0000 r--p 001b0000 fd:00 67898094                           /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so
0ffe0000-0fff0000 rw-p 001c0000 fd:00 67898094                           /usr/lib/libc-2.17.so
10000000-10010000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 100674505                          /home/user/test
10010000-10020000 r--p 00000000 fd:00 100674505                          /home/user/test
10020000-10030000 rw-p 00010000 fd:00 100674505                          /home/user/test
10180000-101b0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
                  ^^^^ this has changed
f7c60000-f7c90000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 67898089                           /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
f7c90000-f7ca0000 r--p 00020000 fd:00 67898089                           /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
f7ca0000-f7cb0000 rw-p 00030000 fd:00 67898089                           /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
ff860000-ff890000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [stack]
0x10180008

The patch was originally posted in 2012 by Jason Gunthorpe
and apparently ignored:

https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/30/138

Lightly run-tested.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161215131950.23054-1-dvlasenk@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgunthorpe@obsidianresearch.com>
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Tested-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgunthorpe@obsidianresearch.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/memory_hotplug: set magic number to page->freelist instead of page->lru.next

To identify that pages of page table are allocated from bootmem
allocator, magic number sets to page->lru.next.

But page->lru list is initialized in reserve_bootmem_region().  So when
calling free_pagetable(), the function cannot find the magic number of
pages.  And free_pagetable() frees the pages by free_reserved_page() not
put_page_bootmem().

But if the pages are allocated from bootmem allocator and used as page
table, the pages have private flag.  So before freeing the pages, we
should clear the private flag by put_page_bootmem().

Before applying the commit 7bfec6f47bb0 ("mm, page_alloc: check multiple
page fields with a single branch"), we could find the following visible
issue:

  BUG: Bad page state in process kworker/u1024:1
  page:ffffea103cfd8040 count:0 mapcount:0 mappi
  flags: 0x6fffff80000800(private)
  page dumped because: PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set
  bad because of flags: 0x800(private)
  <snip>
  Call Trace:
  [...] dump_stack+0x63/0x87
  [...] bad_page+0x114/0x130
  [...] free_pages_prepare+0x299/0x2d0
  [...] free_hot_cold_page+0x31/0x150
  [...] __free_pages+0x25/0x30
  [...] free_pagetable+0x6f/0xb4
  [...] remove_pagetable+0x379/0x7ff
  [...] vmemmap_free+0x10/0x20
  [...] sparse_remove_one_section+0x149/0x180
  [...] __remove_pages+0x2e9/0x4f0
  [...] arch_remove_memory+0x63/0xc0
  [...] remove_memory+0x8c/0xc0
  [...] acpi_memory_device_remove+0x79/0xa5
  [...] acpi_bus_trim+0x5a/0x8d
  [...] acpi_bus_trim+0x38/0x8d
  [...] acpi_device_hotplug+0x1b7/0x418
  [...] acpi_hotplug_work_fn+0x1e/0x29
  [...] process_one_work+0x152/0x400
  [...] worker_thread+0x125/0x4b0
  [...] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
  [...] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x40

And the issue still silently occurs.

Until freeing the pages of page table allocated from bootmem allocator,
the page->freelist is never used.  So the patch sets magic number to
page->freelist instead of page->lru.next.

[isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com: fix merge issue]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/722b1cc4-93ac-dd8b-2be2-7a7e313b3b0b@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2c29bd9f-5b67-02d0-18a3-8828e78bbb6f@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/sparse: use page_private() to get page->private value

free_map_bootmem() uses page->private directly to set
removing_section_nr argument.  But to get page->private value,
page_private() has been prepared.

So free_map_bootmem() should use page_private() instead of
page->private.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1d34eaa5-a506-8b7a-6471-490c345deef8@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/memblock.c: check return value of memblock_reserve() in memblock_virt_alloc_internal()

memblock_reserve() would add a new range to memblock.reserved in case
the new range is not totally covered by any of the current
memblock.reserved range.  If the memblock.reserved is full and can't
resize, memblock_reserve() would fail.

This doesn't happen in real world now, I observed this during code
review.  While theoretically, it has the chance to happen.  And if it
happens, others would think this range of memory is still available and
may corrupt the memory.

This patch checks the return value and goto "done" after it succeeds.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1482363033-24754-3-git-send-email-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/memblock.c: trivial code refine in memblock_is_region_memory()

memblock_is_region_memory() invoke memblock_search() to see whether the
base address is in the memory region.  If it fails, idx would be -1.
Then, it returns 0.

If the memblock_search() returns a valid index, it means the base
address is guaranteed to be in the range memblock.memory.regions[idx].
Because of this, it is not necessary to check the base again.

This patch removes the check on "base".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1482363033-24754-2-git-send-email-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: fix some typos in mm/zsmalloc.c

Delete extra semicolon, and fix some typos.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/586F1823.4050107@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/bootmem.c: cosmetic improvement of code readability

The obvious number of bits in a byte is replaced by BITS_PER_BYTE macro
in bootmap_bytes()

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483781600-5136-1-git-send-email-ondar07@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Adygzhy Ondar <ondar07@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm,compaction: serialize waitqueue_active() checks

Without a memory barrier, the following race can occur with a high-order
allocation:

wakeup_kcompactd(order == 1)        kcompactd()
  [L] waitqueue_active(kcompactd_wait)
[S] prepare_to_wait_event(kcompactd_wait)
[L] (kcompactd_max_order == 0)
  [S] kcompactd_max_order = order;       schedule()

Where the waitqueue_active() check is speculatively re-ordered to before
setting the actual condition (max_order), not seeing the threads that's
going to block; making us miss a wakeup.  There are a couple of options
to fix this, including calling wq_has_sleepers() which adds a full
barrier, or unconditionally doing the wake_up_interruptible() and
serialize on the q->lock.  However, to make use of the control
dependency, we just need to add L->L guarantees.

While this bug is theoretical, there have been other offenders of the
lockless waitqueue_active() in the past -- this is also documented in
the call itself.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483975528-24342-1-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: page_alloc: skip over regions of invalid pfns where possible

When using a sparse memory model memmap_init_zone() when invoked with
the MEMMAP_EARLY context will skip over pages which aren't valid - ie.
which aren't in a populated region of the sparse memory map.  However if
the memory map is extremely sparse then it can spend a long time
linearly checking each PFN in a large non-populated region of the memory
map & skipping it in turn.

When CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP is enabled, we have sufficient
information to quickly discover the next valid PFN given an invalid one
by searching through the list of memory regions & skipping forwards to
the first PFN covered by the memory region to the right of the
non-populated region.  Implement this in order to speed up
memmap_init_zone() for systems with extremely sparse memory maps.

James said "I have tested this patch on a virtual model of a Samurai CPU
with a sparse memory map.  The kernel boot time drops from 109 to
62 seconds. "

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161125185518.29885-1-paul.burton@imgtec.com
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
Tested-by: James Hartley <james.hartley@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, compaction: add vmstats for kcompactd work

A "compact_daemon_wake" vmstat exists that represents the number of
times kcompactd has woken up.  This doesn't represent how much work it
actually did, though.

It's useful to understand how much compaction work is being done by
kcompactd versus other methods such as direct compaction and explicitly
triggered per-node (or system) compaction.

This adds two new vmstats: "compact_daemon_migrate_scanned" and
"compact_daemon_free_scanned" to represent the number of pages kcompactd
has scanned as part of its migration scanner and freeing scanner,
respectively.

These values are still accounted for in the general
"compact_migrate_scanned" and "compact_free_scanned" for compatibility.

It could be argued that explicitly triggered compaction could also be
tracked separately, and that could be added if others find it useful.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1612071749390.69852@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/mmzone.c: swap likely to unlikely as code logic is different for next_zones_zonelist()

Commit 682a3385e773 ("mm, page_alloc: inline the fast path of the
zonelist iterator") changed how next_zones_zonelist() is called, by
adding a static inline function to do the fast path.  This function
adds:

       if (likely(!nodes && zonelist_zone_idx(z) <= highest_zoneidx))
               return z;
       return __next_zones_zonelist(z, highest_zoneidx, nodes);

Where __next_zones_zonelist() is only called when nodes is not NULL or
zonelist_zone_idx(z) is less than highest_zoneidx.

The original next_zone_zonelist() was converted to __next_zones_zonelist()
but it still maintained:

if (likely(nodes == NULL))

Which is now actually a very unlikely, as it is only called with nodes
equal to NULL when zonelist_zone_idx(z) is greater than highest_zoneidx.

Before this commit, this if had this statistic:

 correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
 ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
  837895   446078  34 next_zones_zonelist            mmzone.c             63

After this commit, it has:

 correct incorrect  %        Function                  File              Line
 ------- ---------  -        --------                  ----              ----
      10   173840  99 __next_zones_zonelist          mmzone.c             63

Thus, the if statement is now much more unlikely than it ever was as a
likely.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170105200102.77989567@gandalf.local.home
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: fix filemap.c kernel-doc warnings

Fix kernel-doc warnings in mm/filemap.c:

  mm/filemap.c:993: warning: No description found for parameter '__page'
  mm/filemap.c:993: warning: Excess function parameter 'page' description in '__lock_page'

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a66fe492-518c-ad6c-5f03-5e8b721fb451@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: un-export wake_up_page functions

These are no longer used outside mm/filemap.c, so un-export them and
make them static where possible.  These were exported specifically for
NFS use in commit a4796e37c12e ("MM: export page_wakeup functions").

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170103182234.30141-3-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

nfs: no PG_private waiters remain, remove waker

Since commit 4f52b6bb8c57 ("NFS: Don't call COMMIT in ->releasepage()"),
no tasks wait on PagePrivate.

Thus the wake introduced in commit 9590544694be ("NFS: avoid deadlocks
with loop-back mounted NFS filesystems.") can be removed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170103182234.30141-2-npiggin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

trace-vmscan-postprocess: sync with tracepoints updates

Both mm_vmscan_lru_shrink_active and mm_vmscan_lru_isolate have changed
so the script needs to be update to reflect those changes

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170105151737.GU21618@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: add mm_vmscan_inactive_list_is_low tracepoint

Currently we have tracepoints for both active and inactive LRU lists
reclaim but we do not have any which would tell us why we we decided to
age the active list.  Without that it is quite hard to diagnose
active/inactive lists balancing.  Add mm_vmscan_inactive_list_is_low
tracepoint to tell us this information.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-8-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: enhance mm_vmscan_lru_shrink_inactive tracepoint

mm_vmscan_lru_shrink_inactive will currently report the number of
scanned and reclaimed pages.  This doesn't give us an idea how the
reclaim went except for the overall effectiveness though.  Export and
show other counters which will tell us why we couldn't reclaim some
pages.

- nr_dirty, nr_writeback, nr_congested and nr_immediate tells
  us how many pages are blocked due to IO
- nr_activate tells us how many pages were moved to the active
  list
- nr_ref_keep reports how many pages are kept on the LRU due
  to references (mostly for the file pages which are about to
  go for another round through the inactive list)
- nr_unmap_fail - how many pages failed to unmap

All these are rather low level so they might change in future but the
tracepoint is already implementation specific so no tools should be
depending on its stability.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-7-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: extract shrink_page_list reclaim counters into a struct

shrink_page_list returns quite some counters back to its caller.
Extract the existing 5 into struct reclaim_stat because this makes the
code easier to follow and also allows further counters to be returned.

While we are at it, make all of them unsigned rather than unsigned long
as we do not really need full 64b for them (we never scan more than
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pages at once).  This should reduce some stack space.

This patch shouldn't introduce any functional change.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-6-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: show LRU name in mm_vmscan_lru_isolate tracepoint

mm_vmscan_lru_isolate currently prints only whether the LRU we isolate
from is file or anonymous but we do not know which LRU this is.

It is useful to know whether the list is active or inactive, since we
are using the same function to isolate pages from both of them and it's
hard to distinguish otherwise.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-5-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: show the number of skipped pages in mm_vmscan_lru_isolate

mm_vmscan_lru_isolate shows the number of requested, scanned and taken
pages.  This is mostly OK but on 32b systems the number of scanned pages
is quite misleading because it includes both the scanned and skipped
pages.  Moreover the skipped part is scaled based on the number of taken
pages.  Let's report the exact numbers without any additional logic and
add the number of skipped pages.

This should make the reported data much more easier to interpret.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: add active list aging tracepoint

Our reclaim process has several tracepoints to tell us more about how
things are progressing.  We are, however, missing a tracepoint to track
active list aging.  Introduce mm_vmscan_lru_shrink_active which reports
the number of

- nr_taken is number of isolated pages from the active list
- nr_referenced pages which tells us that we are hitting referenced
  pages which are deactivated. If this is a large part of the
  reported nr_deactivated pages then we might be hitting into
  the active list too early because they might be still part of
  the working set. This might help to debug performance issues.
- nr_active pages which tells us how many pages are kept on the
  active list - mostly exec file backed pages. A high number can
  indicate that we might be trashing on executables.

[mhocko@suse.com: update]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104135244.GJ25453@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, vmscan: remove unused mm_vmscan_memcg_isolate

Patch series "vm, vmscan: enahance vmscan tracepoints", v2.

While debugging [2] I've realized that there is some room for
improvements in the tracepoints set we offer currently.  I had hard
times to make any conclusion from the existing ones.  The resulting
problem turned out to be active list aging [3] and we are missing at
least two tracepoints to debug such a problem.

Some existing tracepoints could export more information to see _why_ the
reclaim progress cannot be made not only _how much_ we could reclaim.
The later could be seen quite reasonably from the vmstat counters
already.  It can be argued that we are showing too many implementation
details in those tracepoints but I consider them way too lowlevel
already to be usable by any kernel independent userspace.  I would be
_really_ surprised if anything but debugging tools have used them.

Any feedback is highly appreciated.

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161228153032.10821-1-mhocko@kernel.org
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161215225702.GA27944@boerne.fritz.box
[3] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161223105157.GB23109@dhcp22.suse.cz

This patch (of 8):

The trace point is not used since 925b7673cce3 ("mm: make per-memcg LRU
lists exclusive") so it can be removed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170104101942.4860-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: mprotect: use pmd_trans_unstable instead of taking the pmd_lock

pmd_trans_unstable does an atomic read on the pmd so it doesn't require
the pmd_lock for the same check.

This also removes the special assumption that the mmap_sem is hold for
writing if prot_numa is not set.  userfaultfd will hold the mmap_sem
only for reading in change_pte_range like prot_numa, but it will not set
prot_numa.

This is always a valid micro-optimization regardless of userfaultfd.

[kirill@shutemov.name: drop unneeded pmd_trans_unstable(pmd) check after __split_huge_pmd()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170208120421.GE5578@node.shutemov.name
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-43-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: selftest: test UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE on all memory types

This will verify -EINVAL is returned with hugetlbfs/shmem and it'll do a
functional test of UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE on anonymous memory.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-42-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: selftest: add test for FORK, MADVDONTNEED and REMAP events

Add test for userfaultfd events used in non-cooperative scenario when
the process that monitors the userfaultfd and handles user faults is not
the same process that causes the page faults.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-41-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: selftest: add ufd parameter to copy_page

With future addition of event tests, copy_page will be called with
different userfault file descriptors

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-40-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: selftest: introduce userfaultfd_open

userfaultfd_open will be needed by the non cooperative selftest.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-39-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_SHMEM

Userland developers asked to be notified immediately by the UFFDIO_API
ioctl if shmem missing mode is supported by userfaultfd in the running
kernel.  This avoids the need to run UFFDIO_REGISTER on a shmem virtual
memory range to find out.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-38-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: avoid leaking blocks and used blocks in UFFDIO_COPY

If the atomic copy_user fails because of a real dangling userland
pointer, we won't go back into the shmem method, so when the method
returns it must not leave anything charged up, except the page itself.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-37-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: avoid a lockup resulting from corrupted page->flags

Use the non atomic version of __SetPageUptodate while the page is still
private and not visible to lookup operations.  Using the non atomic
version after the page is already visible to lookups is unsafe as there
would be concurrent lock_page operation modifying the page->flags while
it runs.

This solves a lockup in find_lock_entry with the userfaultfd_shmem
selftest.

  userfaultfd_shm D14296   691      1 0x00000004
  Call Trace:
   schedule+0x3d/0x90
   schedule_timeout+0x228/0x420
   io_schedule_timeout+0xa4/0x110
   __lock_page+0x12d/0x170
   find_lock_entry+0xa4/0x190
   shmem_getpage_gfp+0xb9/0xc30
   shmem_fault+0x70/0x1c0
   __do_fault+0x21/0x150
   handle_mm_fault+0xec9/0x1490
   __do_page_fault+0x20d/0x520
   trace_do_page_fault+0x61/0x270
   do_async_page_fault+0x19/0x80
   async_page_fault+0x25/0x30

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170116180408.12184-2-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: lock the page before adding it to pagecache

A VM_BUG_ON triggered on the shmem selftest.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-36-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: add userfaultfd_shmem test

The test verifies that anonymous shared mapping can be used with userfault
using the existing testing method.  The shared memory area is allocated
using mmap(..., MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, ...) and released using
madvise(MADV_REMOVE)

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-35-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: add UFFDIO_COPY support for shared mappings

When userfaultfd hugetlbfs support was originally added, it followed the
pattern of anon mappings and did not support any vmas marked VM_SHARED.
As such, support was only added for private mappings.

Remove this limitation and support shared mappings.  The primary
functional change required is adding pages to the page cache.  More subtle
changes are required for huge page reservation handling in error paths.  A
lengthy comment in the code describes the reservation handling.

[mike.kravetz@oracle.com: update]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c9c8cafe-baa7-05b4-34ea-1dfa5523a85f@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1487195210-12839-1-git-send-email-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: allow registration of shared memory ranges

Expand the userfaultfd_register/unregister routines to allow shared
memory VMAs.

Currently, there is no UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE and write-protection support for
shared memory VMAs, which is reflected in ioctl methods supported by
uffdio_register.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-34-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: add userfaultfd hook for shared memory faults

When processing a page fault in shared memory area for not present page,
check the VMA determine if faults are to be handled by userfaultfd.  If
so, delegate the page fault to handle_userfault.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-33-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: use shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte for shared memory

The shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte implements low lever part of UFFDIO_COPY
operation for shared memory VMAs.  It's based on mcopy_atomic_pte with
adjustments necessary for shared memory pages.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-32-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: add tlbflush.h header for microblaze

It resolves this build error:

All errors (new ones prefixed by >>):

   mm/shmem.c: In function 'shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte':
   >> mm/shmem.c:2228:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'update_mmu_cache' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
        update_mmu_cache(dst_vma, dst_addr, dst_pte);

microblaze may have to be also updated to define it in asm/pgtable.h
like the other archs, then this header inclusion can be removed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-31-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: introduce vma_is_shmem

Currently userfault relies on vma_is_anonymous and vma_is_hugetlb to
ensure compatibility of a VMA with userfault.  Introduction of
vma_is_shmem allows detection if tmpfs backed VMAs, so that they may be
used with userfaultfd.  Current implementation presumes usage of
vma_is_shmem only by slow path routines in userfaultfd, therefore the
vma_is_shmem is not made inline to leave the few remaining free bits in
vm_flags.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-30-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: shmem: add shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte for userfaultfd support

shmem_mcopy_atomic_pte is the low level routine that implements the
userfaultfd UFFDIO_COPY command.  It is based on the existing
mcopy_atomic_pte routine with modifications for shared memory pages.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-29-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: introduce vma_can_userfault

Check whether a VMA can be used with userfault in more compact way

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-28-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS

Userland developers asked to be notified immediately by the UFFDIO_API
ioctl if hugetlbfs missing mode is supported by userfaultfd in the
running kernel.  This avoids the need to run UFFDIO_REGISTER on a
hugetlbfs virtual memory range to find out.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-27-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: reserve count on error in __mcopy_atomic_hugetlb

If __mcopy_atomic_hugetlb exits with an error, put_page will be called
if a huge page was allocated and needs to be freed.  If a reservation
was associated with the huge page, the PagePrivate flag will be set.
Clear PagePrivate before calling put_page/free_huge_page so that the
global reservation count is not incremented.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-26-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: gup: support VM_FAULT_RETRY

Add support for VM_FAULT_RETRY to follow_hugetlb_page() so that
get_user_pages_unlocked/locked and "nonblocking/FOLL_NOWAIT" features
will work on hugetlbfs.

This is required for fully functional userfaultfd non-present support on
hugetlbfs.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-25-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: userfaultfd_huge_must_wait for hugepmd ranges

Add routine userfaultfd_huge_must_wait which has the same functionality
as the existing userfaultfd_must_wait routine.  Only difference is that
new routine must handle page table structure for hugepmd vmas.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-24-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: add userfaultfd_hugetlb test

Test userfaultfd hugetlb functionality by using the existing testing
method (in userfaultfd.c).  Instead of an anonymous memeory, a hugetlbfs
file is mmap'ed private.  In this way fallocate hole punch can be used
to release pages.  This is because madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) is not
supported for huge pages.

Use the same file, but create wrappers for allocating ranges and
releasing pages.  Compile userfaultfd.c with HUGETLB_TEST defined to
produce an executable to test userfaultfd hugetlb functionality.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-23-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: allow registration of ranges containing huge pages

Expand the userfaultfd_register/unregister routines to allow VM_HUGETLB
vmas.  huge page alignment checking is performed after a VM_HUGETLB vma
is encountered.

Also, since there is no UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE support for huge pages do not
return that as a valid ioctl method for huge page ranges.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-22-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: add userfaultfd hugetlb hook

When processing a hugetlb fault for no page present, check the vma to
determine if faults are to be handled via userfaultfd.  If so, drop the
hugetlb_fault_mutex and call handle_userfault().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-21-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: fix __mcopy_atomic_hugetlb retry/error processing

The new routine copy_huge_page_from_user() uses kmap_atomic() to map
PAGE_SIZE pages.  However, this prevents page faults in the subsequent
call to copy_from_user().  This is OK in the case where the routine is
copied with mmap_sema held.  However, in another case we want to allow
page faults.  So, add a new argument allow_pagefault to indicate if the
routine should allow page faults.

[dan.carpenter@oracle.com: unmap the correct pointer]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170113082608.GA3548@mwanda
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: kunmap() takes a page*, per Hugh]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-20-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: add __mcopy_atomic_hugetlb for huge page UFFDIO_COPY

__mcopy_atomic_hugetlb performs the UFFDIO_COPY operation for huge
pages.  It is based on the existing __mcopy_atomic routine for normal
pages.  Unlike normal pages, there is no huge page support for the
UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE operation.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-19-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: add hugetlb_mcopy_atomic_pte for userfaultfd support

hugetlb_mcopy_atomic_pte is the low level routine that implements the
userfaultfd UFFDIO_COPY command.  It is based on the existing
mcopy_atomic_pte routine with modifications for huge pages.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-18-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: add copy_huge_page_from_user for hugetlb userfaultfd support

userfaultfd UFFDIO_COPY allows user level code to copy data to a page at
fault time.  The data is copied from user space to a newly allocated
huge page.  The new routine copy_huge_page_from_user performs this copy.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-17-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: wake userfaults after UFFDIO_UNREGISTER

Userfaults may still happen after the userfaultfd monitor thread
received a UFFD_EVENT_MADVDONTNEED until UFFDIO_UNREGISTER is run.

Wake any pending userfault within UFFDIO_UNREGISTER protected by the
mmap_sem for writing, so they will not be reported to userland leading
to UFFDIO_COPY returning -EINVAL (as the range was already unregistered)
and they will not hang permanently either.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-16-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: avoid MADV_DONTNEED race condition

MADV_DONTNEED must be notified to userland before the pages are zapped.

This allows userland to immediately stop adding pages to the userfaultfd
ranges before the pages are actually zapped or there could be
non-zeropage leftovers as result of concurrent UFFDIO_COPY run in
between zap_page_range and madvise_userfault_dontneed (both
MADV_DONTNEED and UFFDIO_COPY runs under the mmap_sem for reading, so
they can run concurrently).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-15-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: add madvise() event for MADV_DONTNEED request

If the page is punched out of the address space the uffd reader should
know this and zeromap the respective area in case of the #PF event.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-14-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: optimize mremap_userfaultfd_complete()

Optimize the mremap_userfaultfd_complete() interface to pass only the
vm_userfaultfd_ctx pointer through the stack as a microoptimization.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-13-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: add mremap() event

The event denotes that an area [start:end] moves to different location.
Length change isn't reported as "new" addresses, if they appear on the
uffd reader side they will not contain any data and the latter can just
zeromap them.

Waiting for the event ACK is also done outside of mmap sem, as for fork
event.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-12-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: dup_userfaultfd: use mm_count instead of mm_users

Since commit d2005e3f41d4 ("userfaultfd: don't pin the user memory in
userfaultfd_file_create()") userfaultfd uses mm_count rather than
mm_users to pin mm_struct.

Make dup_userfaultfd consistent with this behaviour

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-11-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: Add fork() event

When the mm with uffd-ed vmas fork()-s the respective vmas notify their
uffds with the event which contains a descriptor with new uffd.  This
new descriptor can then be used to get events from the child and
populate its mm with data.  Note, that there can be different uffd-s
controlling different vmas within one mm, so first we should collect all
those uffds (and ctx-s) in a list and then notify them all one by one
but only once per fork().

The context is created at fork() time but the descriptor, file struct
and anon inode object is created at event read time.  So some trickery
is added to the userfaultfd_ctx_read() to handle the ctx queues' locking
vs file creation.

Another thing worth noticing is that the task that fork()-s waits for
the uffd event to get processed WITHOUT the mmap sem.

[aarcange@redhat.com: build warning fix]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-10-aarcange@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-9-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: report all available features to userland

This will allow userland to probe all features available in the kernel.
It will however only enable the requested features in the open userfaultfd
context.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-8-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: add ability to report non-PF events from uffd descriptor

The custom events are queued in ctx->event_wqh not to disturb the
fast-path-ed PF queue-wait-wakeup functions.

The events to be generated (other than PF-s) are requested in UFFD_API
ioctl with the uffd_api.features bits. Those, known by the kernel, are
then turned on and reported back to the user-space.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-7-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: non-cooperative: Split the find_userfault() routine

I will need one to lookup for userfaultfd_wait_queue-s in different
wait queue

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-6-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: use vma_is_anonymous

Cleanup the vma->vm_ops usage.

Side note: it would be more robust if vma_is_anonymous() would also
check that vm_flags hasn't VM_PFNMAP set.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-5-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: convert BUG() to WARN_ON_ONCE()

Avoid BUG_ON()s and only WARN instead.  This is just a cleanup, it can't
make any runtime difference.  This BUG_ON has never triggered and cannot
trigger.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-4-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: correct comment about UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP

Minor comment correction.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-3-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

userfaultfd: document _IOR/_IOW

Patch series "userfaultfd tmpfs/hugetlbfs/non-cooperative", v2

These userfaultfd features are finished and are ready for larger
exposure in -mm and upstream merging.

1) tmpfs non present userfault
2) hugetlbfs non present userfault
3) non cooperative userfault for fork/madvise/mremap

qemu development code is already exercising 2) and container postcopy
live migration needs 3).

1) is not currently used but there's a self test and we know some qemu
user for various reasons uses tmpfs as backing for KVM so it'll need it
too to use postcopy live migration with tmpfs memory.

All review feedback from the previous submit has been handled and the
fixes are included.  There's no outstanding issue AFIK.

Upstream code just did a s/fe/vmf/ conversion in the page faults and
this has been converted as well incrementally.

In addition to the previous submits, this also wakes up stuck userfaults
during UFFDIO_UNREGISTER.  The non cooperative testcase actually
reproduced this problem by getting stuck instead of quitting clean in
some rare case as it could call UFFDIO_UNREGISTER while some userfault
could be still in flight.  The other option would have been to keep
leaving it up to userland to serialize itself and to patch the testcase
instead but the wakeup during unregister I think is preferable.

David also asked the UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS and
UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_SHMEM feature flags to be added so QEMU can avoid
to probe if the hugetlbfs/shmem missing support is available by calling
UFFDIO_REGISTER.  QEMU already checks HUGETLBFS_MAGIC with fstatfs so if
UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS is also set, it knows UFFDIO_REGISTER
will succeed (or if it fails, it's for some other more concerning
reason).  There's no reason to worry about adding too many feature
flags.  There are 64 available and worst case we've to bump the API if
someday we're really going to run out of them.

The round-trip network latency of hugetlbfs userfaults during postcopy
live migration is still of the order of dozen milliseconds on 10GBit if
at 2MB hugepage granularity so it's working perfectly and it should
provide for higher bandwidth or lower CPU usage (which makes it
interesting to add an option in the future to support THP granularity
too for anonymous memory, UFFDIO_COPY would then have to create THP if
alignment/len allows for it).  1GB hugetlbfs granularity will require
big changes in hugetlbfs to work so it's deferred for later.

This patch (of 42):

This adds proper documentation (inline) to avoid the risk of further
misunderstandings about the semantics of _IOW/_IOR and it also reminds
whoever will bump the UFFDIO_API in the future, to change the two ioctl
to _IOW.

This was found while implementing strace support for those ioctl,
otherwise we could have never found it by just reviewing kernel code and
testing it.

_IOC_READ or _IOC_WRITE alters nothing but the ioctl number itself, so
it's only worth fixing if the UFFDIO_API is bumped someday.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-2-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: "Dmitry V. Levin" <ldv@altlinux.org>
Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

oom, trace: add compaction retry tracepoint

Higher order requests oom debugging is currently quite hard.  We do have
some compaction points which can tell us how the compaction is operating
but there is no trace point to tell us about compaction retry logic.
This patch adds a one which will have the following format

            bash-3126  [001] ....  1498.220001: compact_retry: order=9 priority=COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_LIGHT compaction_result=withdrawn retries=0 max_retries=16 should_retry=0

we can see that the order 9 request is not retried even though we are in
the highest compaction priority mode becase the last compaction attempt
was withdrawn.  This means that compaction_zonelist_suitable must have
returned false and there is no suitable zone to compact for this request
and so no need to retry further.

another example would be
           <...>-3137  [001] ....    81.501689: compact_retry: order=9 priority=COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_LIGHT compaction_result=failed retries=0 max_retries=16 should_retry=0

in this case the order-9 compaction failed to find any suitable block.
We do not retry anymore because this is a costly request and those do
not go below COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_LIGHT priority.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220130135.15719-4-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

oom, trace: add oom detection tracepoints

should_reclaim_retry is the central decision point for declaring the
OOM.  It might be really useful to expose data used for this decision
making when debugging an unexpected oom situations.

Say we have an OOM report:
[   52.264001] mem_eater invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x24280ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=0, order=0, oom_score_adj=0
[   52.267549] CPU: 3 PID: 3148 Comm: mem_eater Tainted: G        W       4.8.0-oomtrace3-00006-gb21338b386d2 #1024

Now we can check the tracepoint data to see how we have ended up in this
situation:
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.432801: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11134 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=1 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.433269: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11103 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=1 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.433712: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11100 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=2 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.434067: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11097 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=3 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.434414: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11094 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=4 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.434761: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11091 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=5 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.435108: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11087 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=6 wmark_check=1
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.435478: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA32 order=0 reclaimable=51 available=11084 min_wmark=11084 no_progress_loops=7 wmark_check=0
       mem_eater-3148  [003] ....    52.435478: reclaim_retry_zone: node=0 zone=DMA order=0 reclaimable=0 available=1126 min_wmark=179 no_progress_loops=7 wmark_check=0

The above shows that we can quickly deduce that the reclaim stopped
making any progress (see no_progress_loops increased in each round) and
while there were still some 51 reclaimable pages they couldn't be
dropped for some reason (vmscan trace points would tell us more about
that part).  available will represent reclaimable + free_pages scaled
down per no_progress_loops factor.  This is essentially an optimistic
estimate of how much memory we would have when reclaiming everything.
This can be compared to min_wmark to get a rought idea but the
wmark_check tells the result of the watermark check which is more
precise (includes lowmem reserves, considers the order etc.).  As we can
see no zone is eligible in the end and that is why we have triggered the
oom in this situation.

Please note that higher order requests might fail on the wmark_check
even when there is much more memory available than min_wmark - e.g.
when the memory is fragmented.  A follow up tracepoint will help to
debug those situations.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220130135.15719-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, trace: extract COMPACTION_STATUS and ZONE_TYPE to a common header

COMPACTION_STATUS resp. ZONE_TYPE are currently used to translate enum
compact_result resp.  struct zone index into their symbolic names for an
easier post processing.  The follow up patch would like to reuse this as
well.  The code involves some preprocessor black magic which is better not
duplicated elsewhere so move it to a common mm tracing relate header.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161220130135.15719-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/vmalloc.c: use rb_entry_safe

Use rb_entry_safe() instead of open-coding it.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/81bb9820e5b9e4a1c596b3e76f88abf8c4a76cb0.1482221947.git.geliangtang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, page_alloc: avoid page_to_pfn() when merging buddies

On architectures that allow memory holes, page_is_buddy() has to perform
page_to_pfn() to check for the memory hole.  After the previous patch,
we have the pfn already available in __free_one_page(), which is the
only caller of page_is_buddy(), so move the check there and avoid
page_to_pfn().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216120009.20064-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm, page_alloc: don't convert pfn to idx when merging

In __free_one_page() we do the buddy merging arithmetics on "page/buddy
index", which is just the lower MAX_ORDER bits of pfn.  The operations
we do that affect the higher bits are bitwise AND and subtraction (in
that order), where the final result will be the same with the higher
bits left unmasked, as long as these bits are equal for both buddies -
which must be true by the definition of a buddy.

We can therefore use pfn's directly instead of "index" and skip the
zeroing of >MAX_ORDER bits.  This can help a bit by itself, although
compiler might be smart enough already.  It also helps the next patch to
avoid page_to_pfn() for memory hole checks.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216120009.20064-1-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: throttle show_mem() from warn_alloc()

Tetsuo has been stressing OOM killer path with many parallel allocation
requests when he has noticed that it is not all that hard to swamp
kernel logs with warn_alloc messages caused by allocation stalls.  Even
though the allocation stall message is triggered only once in 10s there
might be many different tasks hitting it roughly around the same time.

A big part of the output is show_mem() which can generate a lot of
output even on a small machines.  There is no reason to show the state
of memory counter for each allocation stall, especially when multiple of
them are reported in a short time period.  Chances are that not much has
changed since the last report.  This patch simply rate limits show_mem
called from warn_alloc to only dump something once per second.  This
should be enough to give us a clue why an allocation might be stalling
while burst of warnings will not swamp log with too much data.

While we are at it, extract all the show_mem related handling (filters)
into a separate function warn_alloc_show_mem.  This will make the code
cleaner and as a bonus point we can distinguish which part of warn_alloc
got throttled due to rate limiting as ___ratelimit dumps the caller.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce scope of the ratelimit_states]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161215101510.9030-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

tmpfs: change shmem_mapping() to test shmem_aops

Callers of shmem_mapping() are interested in whether the mapping is swap
backed - except for uprobes, which is interested in whether it should
use shmem_read_mapping_page().  All these callers are better served by a
shmem_mapping() which checks for shmem_aops, than the current version
which goes through several indirections to find where the inode lives -
and has the surprising effect that a private mmap of /dev/zero satisfies
both vma_is_anonymous() and shmem_mapping(), when that device node is on
devtmpfs.  I don't think anything in the tree suffers from that
surprise, but it caught me out, and is better fixed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1612052148530.13021@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

slub: make sysfs directories for memcg sub-caches optional

SLUB creates a per-cache directory under /sys/kernel/slab which hosts a
bunch of debug files.  Usually, there aren't that many caches on a
system and this doesn't really matter; however, if memcg is in use, each
cache can have per-cgroup sub-caches.  SLUB creates the same directories
for these sub-caches under /sys/kernel/slab/$CACHE/cgroup.

Unfortunately, because there can be a lot of cgroups, active or
draining, the product of the numbers of caches, cgroups and files in
each directory can reach a very high number - hundreds of thousands is
commonplace.  Millions and beyond aren't difficult to reach either.

What's under /sys/kernel/slab is primarily for debugging and the
information and control on the a root cache already cover its
sub-caches.  While having a separate directory for each sub-cache can be
helpful for development, it doesn't make much sense to pay this amount
of overhead by default.

This patch introduces a boot parameter slub_memcg_sysfs which determines
whether to create sysfs directories for per-memcg sub-caches.  It also
adds CONFIG_SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON which determines the boot parameter's
default value and defaults to 0.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: kset_unregister(NULL) is legal]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170204145203.GB26958@mtj.duckdns.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

slab: use memcg_kmem_cache_wq for slab destruction operations

If there's contention on slab_mutex, queueing the per-cache destruction
work item on the system_wq can unnecessarily create and tie up a lot of
kworkers.

Rename memcg_kmem_cache_create_wq to memcg_kmem_cache_wq and make it
global and use that workqueue for the destruction work items too.  While
at it, convert the workqueue from an unbound workqueue to a per-cpu one
with concurrency limited to 1.  It's generally preferable to use per-cpu
workqueues and concurrency limit of 1 is safe enough.

This is suggested by Joonsoo Kim.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-11-tj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@tarantool.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

slab: remove slub sysfs interface files early for empty memcg caches

With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and
destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can
accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not
under memory pressure.  When memory reclaim starts under such
conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of
many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large
systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management
code.  This is one of the patches to address the issue.

Each cache has a number of sysfs interface files under /sys/kernel/slab.
On a system with a lot of memory and transient memcgs, the number of
interface files which have to be removed once memory reclaim kicks in
can reach millions.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-10-tj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

slab: remove synchronous synchronize_sched() from memcg cache deactivation path

With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and
destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can
accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not
under memory pressure.  When memory reclaim starts under such
conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of
many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large
systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management
code.  This is one of the patches to address the issue.

slub uses synchronize_sched() to deactivate a memcg cache.
synchronize_sched() is an expensive and slow operation and doesn't scale
when a huge number of caches are destroyed back-to-back.  While there
used to be a simple batching mechanism, the batching was too restricted
to be helpful.

This patch implements slab_deactivate_memcg_cache_rcu_sched() which slub
can use to schedule sched RCU callback instead of performing
synchronize_sched() synchronously while holding cgroup_mutex.  While
this adds online cpus, mems and slab_mutex operations, operating on
these locks back-to-back from the same kworker, which is what's gonna
happen when there are many to deactivate, isn't expensive at all and
this gets rid of the scalability problem completely.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-9-tj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

slab: introduce __kmemcg_cache_deactivate()

__kmem_cache_shrink() is called with %true @deactivate only for memcg
caches.  Remove @deactivate from __kmem_cache_shrink() and introduce
__kmemcg_cache_deactivate() instead.  Each memcg-supporting allocator
should implement it and it should deactivate and drain the cache.

This is to allow memcg cache deactivation behavior to further deviate
from simple shrinking without messing up __kmem_cache_shrink().

This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any observable
behavior changes.

v2: Dropped unnecessary ifdef in mm/slab.h as suggested by Vladimir.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-8-tj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

slab: implement slab_root_caches list

With kmem cgroup support enabled, kmem_caches can be created and
destroyed frequently and a great number of near empty kmem_caches can
accumulate if there are a lot of transient cgroups and the system is not
under memory pressure.  When memory reclaim starts under such
conditions, it can lead to consecutive deactivation and destruction of
many kmem_caches, easily hundreds of thousands on moderately large
systems, exposing scalability issues in the current slab management
code.  This is one of the patches to address the issue.

slab_caches currently lists all caches including root and memcg ones.
This is the only data structure which lists the root caches and
iterating root caches can only be done by walking the list while
skipping over memcg caches.  As there can be a huge number of memcg
caches, this can become very expensive.

This also can make /proc/slabinfo behave very badly.  seq_file processes
reads in 4k chunks and seeks to the previous Nth position on slab_caches
list to resume after each chunk.  With a lot of memcg cache churns on
the list, reading /proc/slabinfo can become very slow and its content
often ends up with duplicate and/or missing entries.

This patch adds a new list slab_root_caches which lists only the root
caches.  When memcg is not enabled, it becomes just an alias of
slab_caches.  memcg specific list operations are collected into
memcg_[un]link_cache().

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117235411.9408-7-tj@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jay Vana <jsvana@fb.com>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@tarantool.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>