From: David S. Miller Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2012 04:57:03 +0000 (-0700) Subject: xfrm_user: Propagate netlink error codes properly. X-Git-Url: http://git.lede-project.org./?a=commitdiff_plain;h=1d1e34ddd48d27def2f324c1e3be16d460b16436;p=openwrt%2Fstaging%2Fblogic.git xfrm_user: Propagate netlink error codes properly. Instead of using a fixed value of "-1" or "-EMSGSIZE", propagate what the nla_*() interfaces actually return. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller --- diff --git a/include/net/xfrm.h b/include/net/xfrm.h index e0a55df5bde8..17acbc92476d 100644 --- a/include/net/xfrm.h +++ b/include/net/xfrm.h @@ -1682,13 +1682,11 @@ static inline int xfrm_mark_get(struct nlattr **attrs, struct xfrm_mark *m) static inline int xfrm_mark_put(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct xfrm_mark *m) { - if ((m->m | m->v) && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_MARK, sizeof(struct xfrm_mark), m)) - goto nla_put_failure; - return 0; + int ret = 0; -nla_put_failure: - return -1; + if (m->m | m->v) + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_MARK, sizeof(struct xfrm_mark), m); + return ret; } #endif /* _NET_XFRM_H */ diff --git a/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c b/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c index 44293b3fd6a1..540762726aaf 100644 --- a/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c +++ b/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c @@ -754,58 +754,67 @@ static int copy_to_user_state_extra(struct xfrm_state *x, struct xfrm_usersa_info *p, struct sk_buff *skb) { - copy_to_user_state(x, p); - - if (x->coaddr && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_COADDR, sizeof(*x->coaddr), x->coaddr)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->lastused && - nla_put_u64(skb, XFRMA_LASTUSED, x->lastused)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->aead && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_AEAD, aead_len(x->aead), x->aead)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->aalg && - (copy_to_user_auth(x->aalg, skb) || - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_AUTH_TRUNC, - xfrm_alg_auth_len(x->aalg), x->aalg))) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->ealg && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_CRYPT, xfrm_alg_len(x->ealg), x->ealg)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->calg && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_COMP, sizeof(*(x->calg)), x->calg)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->encap && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ENCAP, sizeof(*x->encap), x->encap)) - goto nla_put_failure; + int ret = 0; - if (x->tfcpad && - nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_TFCPAD, x->tfcpad)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &x->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->replay_esn && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL, - xfrm_replay_state_esn_len(x->replay_esn), - x->replay_esn)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if (x->security && copy_sec_ctx(x->security, skb)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - return 0; + copy_to_user_state(x, p); -nla_put_failure: - return -EMSGSIZE; + if (x->coaddr) { + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_COADDR, sizeof(*x->coaddr), x->coaddr); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->lastused) { + ret = nla_put_u64(skb, XFRMA_LASTUSED, x->lastused); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->aead) { + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_AEAD, aead_len(x->aead), x->aead); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->aalg) { + ret = copy_to_user_auth(x->aalg, skb); + if (!ret) + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_AUTH_TRUNC, + xfrm_alg_auth_len(x->aalg), x->aalg); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->ealg) { + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_CRYPT, xfrm_alg_len(x->ealg), x->ealg); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->calg) { + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ALG_COMP, sizeof(*(x->calg)), x->calg); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->encap) { + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_ENCAP, sizeof(*x->encap), x->encap); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->tfcpad) { + ret = nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_TFCPAD, x->tfcpad); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + ret = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &x->mark); + if (ret) + goto out; + if (x->replay_esn) { + ret = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL, + xfrm_replay_state_esn_len(x->replay_esn), + x->replay_esn); + if (ret) + goto out; + } + if (x->security) + ret = copy_sec_ctx(x->security, skb); +out: + return ret; } static int dump_one_state(struct xfrm_state *x, int count, void *ptr) @@ -825,15 +834,12 @@ static int dump_one_state(struct xfrm_state *x, int count, void *ptr) p = nlmsg_data(nlh); err = copy_to_user_state_extra(x, p, skb); - if (err) - goto nla_put_failure; - + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); return 0; - -nla_put_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return err; } static int xfrm_dump_sa_done(struct netlink_callback *cb) @@ -904,6 +910,7 @@ static int build_spdinfo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net *net, struct xfrmu_spdinfo spc; struct xfrmu_spdhinfo sph; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + int err; u32 *f; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, pid, seq, XFRM_MSG_NEWSPDINFO, sizeof(u32), 0); @@ -922,15 +929,15 @@ static int build_spdinfo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net *net, sph.spdhcnt = si.spdhcnt; sph.spdhmcnt = si.spdhmcnt; - if (nla_put(skb, XFRMA_SPD_INFO, sizeof(spc), &spc) || - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_SPD_HINFO, sizeof(sph), &sph)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_SPD_INFO, sizeof(spc), &spc); + if (!err) + err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_SPD_HINFO, sizeof(sph), &sph); + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); - -nla_put_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_get_spdinfo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlmsghdr *nlh, @@ -965,6 +972,7 @@ static int build_sadinfo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net *net, struct xfrmk_sadinfo si; struct xfrmu_sadhinfo sh; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + int err; u32 *f; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, pid, seq, XFRM_MSG_NEWSADINFO, sizeof(u32), 0); @@ -978,15 +986,15 @@ static int build_sadinfo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net *net, sh.sadhmcnt = si.sadhmcnt; sh.sadhcnt = si.sadhcnt; - if (nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_SAD_CNT, si.sadcnt) || - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_SAD_HINFO, sizeof(sh), &sh)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_SAD_CNT, si.sadcnt); + if (!err) + err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_SAD_HINFO, sizeof(sh), &sh); + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); - -nla_put_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_get_sadinfo(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlmsghdr *nlh, @@ -1439,9 +1447,8 @@ static inline int copy_to_user_state_sec_ctx(struct xfrm_state *x, struct sk_buf static inline int copy_to_user_sec_ctx(struct xfrm_policy *xp, struct sk_buff *skb) { - if (xp->security) { + if (xp->security) return copy_sec_ctx(xp->security, skb); - } return 0; } static inline size_t userpolicy_type_attrsize(void) @@ -1477,6 +1484,7 @@ static int dump_one_policy(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, int count, void *ptr struct sk_buff *in_skb = sp->in_skb; struct sk_buff *skb = sp->out_skb; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + int err; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, NETLINK_CB(in_skb).pid, sp->nlmsg_seq, XFRM_MSG_NEWPOLICY, sizeof(*p), sp->nlmsg_flags); @@ -1485,22 +1493,19 @@ static int dump_one_policy(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, int count, void *ptr p = nlmsg_data(nlh); copy_to_user_policy(xp, p, dir); - if (copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_sec_ctx(xp, skb)) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; - + err = copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_sec_ctx(xp, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb); + if (!err) + err = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark); + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); return 0; - -nla_put_failure: -nlmsg_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_dump_policy_done(struct netlink_callback *cb) @@ -1688,6 +1693,7 @@ static int build_aevent(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x, const struct { struct xfrm_aevent_id *id; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + int err; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, c->pid, c->seq, XFRM_MSG_NEWAE, sizeof(*id), 0); if (nlh == NULL) @@ -1703,35 +1709,39 @@ static int build_aevent(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x, const struct id->flags = c->data.aevent; if (x->replay_esn) { - if (nla_put(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL, - xfrm_replay_state_esn_len(x->replay_esn), - x->replay_esn)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_ESN_VAL, + xfrm_replay_state_esn_len(x->replay_esn), + x->replay_esn); } else { - if (nla_put(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_VAL, sizeof(x->replay), - &x->replay)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_VAL, sizeof(x->replay), + &x->replay); } - if (nla_put(skb, XFRMA_LTIME_VAL, sizeof(x->curlft), &x->curlft)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if ((id->flags & XFRM_AE_RTHR) && - nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_THRESH, x->replay_maxdiff)) - goto nla_put_failure; - - if ((id->flags & XFRM_AE_ETHR) && - nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_ETIMER_THRESH, - x->replay_maxage * 10 / HZ)) - goto nla_put_failure; + if (err) + goto out_cancel; + err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_LTIME_VAL, sizeof(x->curlft), &x->curlft); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &x->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; + if (id->flags & XFRM_AE_RTHR) { + err = nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_REPLAY_THRESH, x->replay_maxdiff); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; + } + if (id->flags & XFRM_AE_ETHR) { + err = nla_put_u32(skb, XFRMA_ETIMER_THRESH, + x->replay_maxage * 10 / HZ); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; + } + err = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &x->mark); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); -nla_put_failure: +out_cancel: nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; + return err; } static int xfrm_get_ae(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlmsghdr *nlh, @@ -2155,7 +2165,7 @@ static int build_migrate(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct xfrm_migrate *m, const struct xfrm_migrate *mp; struct xfrm_userpolicy_id *pol_id; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; - int i; + int i, err; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, 0, 0, XFRM_MSG_MIGRATE, sizeof(*pol_id), 0); if (nlh == NULL) @@ -2167,21 +2177,25 @@ static int build_migrate(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct xfrm_migrate *m, memcpy(&pol_id->sel, sel, sizeof(pol_id->sel)); pol_id->dir = dir; - if (k != NULL && (copy_to_user_kmaddress(k, skb) < 0)) - goto nlmsg_failure; - - if (copy_to_user_policy_type(type, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - + if (k != NULL) { + err = copy_to_user_kmaddress(k, skb); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; + } + err = copy_to_user_policy_type(type, skb); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; for (i = 0, mp = m ; i < num_migrate; i++, mp++) { - if (copy_to_user_migrate(mp, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; + err = copy_to_user_migrate(mp, skb); + if (err) + goto out_cancel; } return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); -nlmsg_failure: + +out_cancel: nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; + return err; } static int xfrm_send_migrate(const struct xfrm_selector *sel, u8 dir, u8 type, @@ -2354,6 +2368,7 @@ static int build_expire(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x, const struct { struct xfrm_user_expire *ue; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + int err; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, c->pid, 0, XFRM_MSG_EXPIRE, sizeof(*ue), 0); if (nlh == NULL) @@ -2363,13 +2378,11 @@ static int build_expire(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x, const struct copy_to_user_state(x, &ue->state); ue->hard = (c->data.hard != 0) ? 1 : 0; - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &x->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &x->mark); + if (err) + return err; return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); - -nla_put_failure: - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_exp_state_notify(struct xfrm_state *x, const struct km_event *c) @@ -2470,7 +2483,7 @@ static int xfrm_notify_sa(struct xfrm_state *x, const struct km_event *c) struct nlmsghdr *nlh; struct sk_buff *skb; int len = xfrm_sa_len(x); - int headlen; + int headlen, err; headlen = sizeof(*p); if (c->event == XFRM_MSG_DELSA) { @@ -2485,8 +2498,9 @@ static int xfrm_notify_sa(struct xfrm_state *x, const struct km_event *c) return -ENOMEM; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, c->pid, c->seq, c->event, headlen, 0); + err = -EMSGSIZE; if (nlh == NULL) - goto nla_put_failure; + goto out_free_skb; p = nlmsg_data(nlh); if (c->event == XFRM_MSG_DELSA) { @@ -2499,24 +2513,23 @@ static int xfrm_notify_sa(struct xfrm_state *x, const struct km_event *c) id->proto = x->id.proto; attr = nla_reserve(skb, XFRMA_SA, sizeof(*p)); + err = -EMSGSIZE; if (attr == NULL) - goto nla_put_failure; + goto out_free_skb; p = nla_data(attr); } - - if (copy_to_user_state_extra(x, p, skb)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = copy_to_user_state_extra(x, p, skb); + if (err) + goto out_free_skb; nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); return nlmsg_multicast(net->xfrm.nlsk, skb, 0, XFRMNLGRP_SA, GFP_ATOMIC); -nla_put_failure: - /* Somebody screwed up with xfrm_sa_len! */ - WARN_ON(1); +out_free_skb: kfree_skb(skb); - return -1; + return err; } static int xfrm_send_state_notify(struct xfrm_state *x, const struct km_event *c) @@ -2557,9 +2570,10 @@ static int build_acquire(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x, struct xfrm_tmpl *xt, struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir) { + __u32 seq = xfrm_get_acqseq(); struct xfrm_user_acquire *ua; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; - __u32 seq = xfrm_get_acqseq(); + int err; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, 0, 0, XFRM_MSG_ACQUIRE, sizeof(*ua), 0); if (nlh == NULL) @@ -2575,21 +2589,19 @@ static int build_acquire(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_state *x, ua->calgos = xt->calgos; ua->seq = x->km.seq = seq; - if (copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_state_sec_ctx(x, skb)) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_state_sec_ctx(x, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb); + if (!err) + err = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark); + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); - -nla_put_failure: -nlmsg_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_send_acquire(struct xfrm_state *x, struct xfrm_tmpl *xt, @@ -2681,8 +2693,9 @@ static int build_polexpire(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct km_event *c) { struct xfrm_user_polexpire *upe; - struct nlmsghdr *nlh; int hard = c->data.hard; + struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + int err; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, c->pid, 0, XFRM_MSG_POLEXPIRE, sizeof(*upe), 0); if (nlh == NULL) @@ -2690,22 +2703,20 @@ static int build_polexpire(struct sk_buff *skb, struct xfrm_policy *xp, upe = nlmsg_data(nlh); copy_to_user_policy(xp, &upe->pol, dir); - if (copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_sec_ctx(xp, skb)) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_sec_ctx(xp, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb); + if (!err) + err = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark); + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } upe->hard = !!hard; return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); - -nla_put_failure: -nlmsg_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_exp_policy_notify(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct km_event *c) @@ -2725,13 +2736,13 @@ static int xfrm_exp_policy_notify(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct static int xfrm_notify_policy(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct km_event *c) { + int len = nla_total_size(sizeof(struct xfrm_user_tmpl) * xp->xfrm_nr); struct net *net = xp_net(xp); struct xfrm_userpolicy_info *p; struct xfrm_userpolicy_id *id; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; struct sk_buff *skb; - int len = nla_total_size(sizeof(struct xfrm_user_tmpl) * xp->xfrm_nr); - int headlen; + int headlen, err; headlen = sizeof(*p); if (c->event == XFRM_MSG_DELPOLICY) { @@ -2747,8 +2758,9 @@ static int xfrm_notify_policy(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct km_e return -ENOMEM; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, c->pid, c->seq, c->event, headlen, 0); + err = -EMSGSIZE; if (nlh == NULL) - goto nlmsg_failure; + goto out_free_skb; p = nlmsg_data(nlh); if (c->event == XFRM_MSG_DELPOLICY) { @@ -2763,29 +2775,29 @@ static int xfrm_notify_policy(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct km_e memcpy(&id->sel, &xp->selector, sizeof(id->sel)); attr = nla_reserve(skb, XFRMA_POLICY, sizeof(*p)); + err = -EMSGSIZE; if (attr == NULL) - goto nlmsg_failure; + goto out_free_skb; p = nla_data(attr); } copy_to_user_policy(xp, p, dir); - if (copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; - - if (xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark)) - goto nla_put_failure; + err = copy_to_user_tmpl(xp, skb); + if (!err) + err = copy_to_user_policy_type(xp->type, skb); + if (!err) + err = xfrm_mark_put(skb, &xp->mark); + if (err) + goto out_free_skb; nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); return nlmsg_multicast(net->xfrm.nlsk, skb, 0, XFRMNLGRP_POLICY, GFP_ATOMIC); -nla_put_failure: -nlmsg_failure: +out_free_skb: kfree_skb(skb); - return -1; + return err; } static int xfrm_notify_policy_flush(const struct km_event *c) @@ -2793,24 +2805,27 @@ static int xfrm_notify_policy_flush(const struct km_event *c) struct net *net = c->net; struct nlmsghdr *nlh; struct sk_buff *skb; + int err; skb = nlmsg_new(userpolicy_type_attrsize(), GFP_ATOMIC); if (skb == NULL) return -ENOMEM; nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, c->pid, c->seq, XFRM_MSG_FLUSHPOLICY, 0, 0); + err = -EMSGSIZE; if (nlh == NULL) - goto nlmsg_failure; - if (copy_to_user_policy_type(c->data.type, skb) < 0) - goto nlmsg_failure; + goto out_free_skb; + err = copy_to_user_policy_type(c->data.type, skb); + if (err) + goto out_free_skb; nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); return nlmsg_multicast(net->xfrm.nlsk, skb, 0, XFRMNLGRP_POLICY, GFP_ATOMIC); -nlmsg_failure: +out_free_skb: kfree_skb(skb); - return -1; + return err; } static int xfrm_send_policy_notify(struct xfrm_policy *xp, int dir, const struct km_event *c) @@ -2853,15 +2868,14 @@ static int build_report(struct sk_buff *skb, u8 proto, ur->proto = proto; memcpy(&ur->sel, sel, sizeof(ur->sel)); - if (addr && - nla_put(skb, XFRMA_COADDR, sizeof(*addr), addr)) - goto nla_put_failure; - + if (addr) { + int err = nla_put(skb, XFRMA_COADDR, sizeof(*addr), addr); + if (err) { + nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); + return err; + } + } return nlmsg_end(skb, nlh); - -nla_put_failure: - nlmsg_cancel(skb, nlh); - return -EMSGSIZE; } static int xfrm_send_report(struct net *net, u8 proto,