--- /dev/null
+From da4e4f5db6561923ad239aa653660250aaeb5873 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Steven Barth <cyrus@openwrt.org>
+Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2014 07:26:13 +0200
+Subject: [PATCH 2/2] build: allow building with mini-gmp instead of gmp
+
+This introduces --without-libgmp which includes mini-gmp into nft
+(adding ~30k) but avoids linking libgmp which is >400k.
+
+This is useful for embedded distributions not using gmp otherwise.
+
+Note: currently --without-libgmp must be used with --disable-debug.
+
+Signed-off-by: Steven Barth <cyrus@openwrt.org>
+---
+ configure.ac | 14 +-
+ include/bignum.h | 17 +
+ include/expression.h | 2 +-
+ include/gmputil.h | 2 +-
+ include/mini-gmp.h | 294 ++++
+ include/utils.h | 4 +-
+ src/Makefile.in | 5 +
+ src/datatype.c | 4 +-
+ src/erec.c | 4 +-
+ src/evaluate.c | 8 +-
+ src/gmputil.c | 1 -
+ src/mini-gmp-printf.c | 62 +
+ src/mini-gmp.c | 4386 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ 13 files changed, 4790 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 include/bignum.h
+ create mode 100644 include/mini-gmp.h
+ create mode 100644 src/mini-gmp-printf.c
+ create mode 100644 src/mini-gmp.c
+
+--- a/configure.ac
++++ b/configure.ac
+@@ -68,8 +68,18 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([mnl], [mnl_socket_open], ,
+ AC_CHECK_LIB([nftnl], [nft_rule_alloc], ,
+ AC_MSG_ERROR([No suitable version of libnftnl found]))
+
+-AC_CHECK_LIB([gmp], [__gmpz_init], ,
+- AC_MSG_ERROR([No suitable version of libgmp found]))
++AC_ARG_WITH([libgmp], [AS_HELP_STRING([--without-libgmp],
++ [Disable libgmp support (use builtin mini-gmp)])], [],
++ [with_libgmp=yes])
++AS_IF([test "x$with_libgmp" != xno], [
++AC_CHECK_LIB([gmp],[__gmpz_init], , AC_MSG_ERROR([No suitable version of libgmp found]))
++])
++AC_SUBST(with_libgmp)
++
++
++AS_IF([test "x$with_libgmp" != xyes -a "x$CONFIG_DEBUG" = xy], [
++AC_MSG_ERROR([--without-libgmp MUST be used with --disable-debug])
++])
+
+
+ AC_ARG_WITH([libreadline], [AS_HELP_STRING([--without-libreadline],
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/include/bignum.h
+@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
++#ifndef NFTABLES_BIGNUM_H
++#define NFTABLES_BIGNUM_H
++
++#ifdef HAVE_LIBGMP
++#include <gmp.h>
++
++#else
++
++#include <mini-gmp.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#include <stdarg.h>
++
++int gmp_printf(const char *format, const mpz_t value);
++
++#endif
++
++#endif /* NFTABLES_BIGNUM_H */
+--- a/include/expression.h
++++ b/include/expression.h
+@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
+ #define NFTABLES_EXPRESSION_H
+
+ #include <stdbool.h>
+-#include <gmp.h>
++#include <bignum.h>
+ #include <linux/netfilter/nf_tables.h>
+
+ #include <nftables.h>
+--- a/include/gmputil.h
++++ b/include/gmputil.h
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ #ifndef NFTABLES_GMPUTIL_H
+ #define NFTABLES_GMPUTIL_H
+
+-#include <gmp.h>
++#include <bignum.h>
+ #include <asm/byteorder.h>
+
+ enum mpz_word_order {
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/include/mini-gmp.h
+@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
++/* mini-gmp, a minimalistic implementation of a GNU GMP subset.
++
++Copyright 2011-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
++
++This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
++
++The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
++it under the terms of either:
++
++ * the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
++ Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
++ option) any later version.
++
++or
++
++ * the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
++ Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
++ later version.
++
++or both in parallel, as here.
++
++The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
++WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
++or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
++for more details.
++
++You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and the
++GNU Lesser General Public License along with the GNU MP Library. If not,
++see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/. */
++
++/* About mini-gmp: This is a minimal implementation of a subset of the
++ GMP interface. It is intended for inclusion into applications which
++ have modest bignums needs, as a fallback when the real GMP library
++ is not installed.
++
++ This file defines the public interface. */
++
++#ifndef __MINI_GMP_H__
++#define __MINI_GMP_H__
++
++/* For size_t */
++#include <stddef.h>
++
++#if defined (__cplusplus)
++extern "C" {
++#endif
++
++void mp_set_memory_functions (void *(*) (size_t),
++ void *(*) (void *, size_t, size_t),
++ void (*) (void *, size_t));
++
++void mp_get_memory_functions (void *(**) (size_t),
++ void *(**) (void *, size_t, size_t),
++ void (**) (void *, size_t));
++
++typedef unsigned long mp_limb_t;
++typedef long mp_size_t;
++typedef unsigned long mp_bitcnt_t;
++
++typedef mp_limb_t *mp_ptr;
++typedef const mp_limb_t *mp_srcptr;
++
++typedef struct
++{
++ int _mp_alloc; /* Number of *limbs* allocated and pointed
++ to by the _mp_d field. */
++ int _mp_size; /* abs(_mp_size) is the number of limbs the
++ last field points to. If _mp_size is
++ negative this is a negative number. */
++ mp_limb_t *_mp_d; /* Pointer to the limbs. */
++} __mpz_struct;
++
++typedef __mpz_struct mpz_t[1];
++
++typedef __mpz_struct *mpz_ptr;
++typedef const __mpz_struct *mpz_srcptr;
++
++extern const int mp_bits_per_limb;
++
++void mpn_copyi (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++void mpn_copyd (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++void mpn_zero (mp_ptr, mp_size_t);
++
++int mpn_cmp (mp_srcptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++
++mp_limb_t mpn_add_1 (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_limb_t);
++mp_limb_t mpn_add_n (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++mp_limb_t mpn_add (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++
++mp_limb_t mpn_sub_1 (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_limb_t);
++mp_limb_t mpn_sub_n (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++mp_limb_t mpn_sub (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++
++mp_limb_t mpn_mul_1 (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_limb_t);
++mp_limb_t mpn_addmul_1 (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_limb_t);
++mp_limb_t mpn_submul_1 (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_limb_t);
++
++mp_limb_t mpn_mul (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++void mpn_mul_n (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++void mpn_sqr (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++int mpn_perfect_square_p (mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++mp_size_t mpn_sqrtrem (mp_ptr, mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++
++mp_limb_t mpn_lshift (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, unsigned int);
++mp_limb_t mpn_rshift (mp_ptr, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t, unsigned int);
++
++mp_bitcnt_t mpn_scan0 (mp_srcptr, mp_bitcnt_t);
++mp_bitcnt_t mpn_scan1 (mp_srcptr, mp_bitcnt_t);
++
++mp_bitcnt_t mpn_popcount (mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++
++mp_limb_t mpn_invert_3by2 (mp_limb_t, mp_limb_t);
++#define mpn_invert_limb(x) mpn_invert_3by2 ((x), 0)
++
++size_t mpn_get_str (unsigned char *, int, mp_ptr, mp_size_t);
++mp_size_t mpn_set_str (mp_ptr, const unsigned char *, size_t, int);
++
++void mpz_init (mpz_t);
++void mpz_init2 (mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_clear (mpz_t);
++
++#define mpz_odd_p(z) (((z)->_mp_size != 0) & (int) (z)->_mp_d[0])
++#define mpz_even_p(z) (! mpz_odd_p (z))
++
++int mpz_sgn (const mpz_t);
++int mpz_cmp_si (const mpz_t, long);
++int mpz_cmp_ui (const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++int mpz_cmp (const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++int mpz_cmpabs_ui (const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++int mpz_cmpabs (const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++int mpz_cmp_d (const mpz_t, double);
++int mpz_cmpabs_d (const mpz_t, double);
++
++void mpz_abs (mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_neg (mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_swap (mpz_t, mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_add_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++void mpz_add (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_sub_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++void mpz_ui_sub (mpz_t, unsigned long, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_sub (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_mul_si (mpz_t, const mpz_t, long int);
++void mpz_mul_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long int);
++void mpz_mul (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_mul_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_addmul_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long int);
++void mpz_addmul (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_submul_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long int);
++void mpz_submul (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_cdiv_qr (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_fdiv_qr (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_tdiv_qr (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_cdiv_q (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_fdiv_q (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_tdiv_q (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_cdiv_r (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_fdiv_r (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_tdiv_r (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_cdiv_q_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_fdiv_q_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_tdiv_q_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_cdiv_r_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_fdiv_r_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_tdiv_r_2exp (mpz_t, const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++
++void mpz_mod (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_divexact (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++int mpz_divisible_p (const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++int mpz_congruent_p (const mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++unsigned long mpz_cdiv_qr_ui (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_fdiv_qr_ui (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_tdiv_qr_ui (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_cdiv_q_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_fdiv_q_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_tdiv_q_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_cdiv_r_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_fdiv_r_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_tdiv_r_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_cdiv_ui (const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_fdiv_ui (const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++unsigned long mpz_tdiv_ui (const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++
++unsigned long mpz_mod_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++
++void mpz_divexact_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++
++int mpz_divisible_ui_p (const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++
++unsigned long mpz_gcd_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++void mpz_gcd (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_gcdext (mpz_t, mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_lcm_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++void mpz_lcm (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++int mpz_invert (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_sqrtrem (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_sqrt (mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++int mpz_perfect_square_p (const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_pow_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++void mpz_ui_pow_ui (mpz_t, unsigned long, unsigned long);
++void mpz_powm (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_powm_ui (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long, const mpz_t);
++
++void mpz_rootrem (mpz_t, mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++int mpz_root (mpz_t, const mpz_t, unsigned long);
++
++void mpz_fac_ui (mpz_t, unsigned long);
++void mpz_bin_uiui (mpz_t, unsigned long, unsigned long);
++
++int mpz_probab_prime_p (const mpz_t, int);
++
++int mpz_tstbit (const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_setbit (mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_clrbit (mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++void mpz_combit (mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++
++void mpz_com (mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_and (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_ior (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_xor (mpz_t, const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++
++mp_bitcnt_t mpz_popcount (const mpz_t);
++mp_bitcnt_t mpz_hamdist (const mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++mp_bitcnt_t mpz_scan0 (const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++mp_bitcnt_t mpz_scan1 (const mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++
++int mpz_fits_slong_p (const mpz_t);
++int mpz_fits_ulong_p (const mpz_t);
++long int mpz_get_si (const mpz_t);
++unsigned long int mpz_get_ui (const mpz_t);
++double mpz_get_d (const mpz_t);
++size_t mpz_size (const mpz_t);
++mp_limb_t mpz_getlimbn (const mpz_t, mp_size_t);
++
++void mpz_realloc2 (mpz_t, mp_bitcnt_t);
++mp_srcptr mpz_limbs_read (mpz_srcptr);
++mp_ptr mpz_limbs_modify (mpz_t, mp_size_t);
++mp_ptr mpz_limbs_write (mpz_t, mp_size_t);
++void mpz_limbs_finish (mpz_t, mp_size_t);
++mpz_srcptr mpz_roinit_n (mpz_t, mp_srcptr, mp_size_t);
++
++#define MPZ_ROINIT_N(xp, xs) {{0, (xs),(xp) }}
++
++void mpz_set_si (mpz_t, signed long int);
++void mpz_set_ui (mpz_t, unsigned long int);
++void mpz_set (mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_set_d (mpz_t, double);
++
++void mpz_init_set_si (mpz_t, signed long int);
++void mpz_init_set_ui (mpz_t, unsigned long int);
++void mpz_init_set (mpz_t, const mpz_t);
++void mpz_init_set_d (mpz_t, double);
++
++size_t mpz_sizeinbase (const mpz_t, int);
++char *mpz_get_str (char *, int, const mpz_t);
++int mpz_set_str (mpz_t, const char *, int);
++int mpz_init_set_str (mpz_t, const char *, int);
++
++/* This long list taken from gmp.h. */
++/* For reference, "defined(EOF)" cannot be used here. In g++ 2.95.4,
++ <iostream> defines EOF but not FILE. */
++#if defined (FILE) \
++ || defined (H_STDIO) \
++ || defined (_H_STDIO) /* AIX */ \
++ || defined (_STDIO_H) /* glibc, Sun, SCO */ \
++ || defined (_STDIO_H_) /* BSD, OSF */ \
++ || defined (__STDIO_H) /* Borland */ \
++ || defined (__STDIO_H__) /* IRIX */ \
++ || defined (_STDIO_INCLUDED) /* HPUX */ \
++ || defined (__dj_include_stdio_h_) /* DJGPP */ \
++ || defined (_FILE_DEFINED) /* Microsoft */ \
++ || defined (__STDIO__) /* Apple MPW MrC */ \
++ || defined (_MSL_STDIO_H) /* Metrowerks */ \
++ || defined (_STDIO_H_INCLUDED) /* QNX4 */ \
++ || defined (_ISO_STDIO_ISO_H) /* Sun C++ */ \
++ || defined (__STDIO_LOADED) /* VMS */
++size_t mpz_out_str (FILE *, int, const mpz_t);
++#endif
++
++void mpz_import (mpz_t, size_t, int, size_t, int, size_t, const void *);
++void *mpz_export (void *, size_t *, int, size_t, int, size_t, const mpz_t);
++
++#if defined (__cplusplus)
++}
++#endif
++#endif /* __MINI_GMP_H__ */
+--- a/include/utils.h
++++ b/include/utils.h
+@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
+ #include <unistd.h>
+ #include <assert.h>
+ #include <list.h>
+-#include <gmp.h>
++#include <bignum.h>
+
+ #define BITS_PER_BYTE 8
+
+ #ifdef DEBUG
+ #define pr_debug(fmt, arg...) gmp_printf(fmt, ##arg)
+ #else
+-#define pr_debug(fmt, arg...) ({ if (false) gmp_printf(fmt, ##arg); 0; })
++#define pr_debug(fmt, arg...)
+ #endif
+
+ #define __fmtstring(x, y) __attribute__((format(printf, x, y)))
+--- a/src/Makefile.in
++++ b/src/Makefile.in
+@@ -31,3 +31,8 @@ nft-extra-clean-files += parser.c parser
+
+ nft-obj += scanner.o
+ nft-extra-clean-files += scanner.c scanner.h
++
++ifneq (@with_libgmp@,yes)
++nft-obj += mini-gmp.o
++nft-obj += mini-gmp-printf.o
++endif
+--- a/src/datatype.c
++++ b/src/datatype.c
+@@ -252,11 +252,9 @@ static struct error_record *integer_type
+ struct expr **res)
+ {
+ mpz_t v;
+- int len;
+
+ mpz_init(v);
+- if (gmp_sscanf(sym->identifier, "%Zu%n", v, &len) != 1 ||
+- (int)strlen(sym->identifier) != len) {
++ if (mpz_set_str(v, sym->identifier, 0)) {
+ mpz_clear(v);
+ if (sym->dtype != &integer_type)
+ return NULL;
+--- a/src/erec.c
++++ b/src/erec.c
+@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static void erec_destroy(struct error_re
+ xfree(erec);
+ }
+
++__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 0)))
+ struct error_record *erec_vcreate(enum error_record_types type,
+ const struct location *loc,
+ const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+@@ -54,10 +55,11 @@ struct error_record *erec_vcreate(enum e
+ erec->num_locations = 0;
+ erec_add_location(erec, loc);
+
+- gmp_vasprintf(&erec->msg, fmt, ap);
++ if (vasprintf(&erec->msg, fmt, ap)) {}
+ return erec;
+ }
+
++__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)))
+ struct error_record *erec_create(enum error_record_types type,
+ const struct location *loc,
+ const char *fmt, ...)
+--- a/src/evaluate.c
++++ b/src/evaluate.c
+@@ -228,9 +228,13 @@ static int expr_evaluate_value(struct ev
+ case TYPE_INTEGER:
+ mpz_init_bitmask(mask, ctx->ectx.len);
+ if (mpz_cmp((*expr)->value, mask) > 0) {
++ char *valstr = mpz_get_str(NULL, 10, (*expr)->value);
++ char *rangestr = mpz_get_str(NULL, 10, mask);
+ expr_error(ctx->msgs, *expr,
+- "Value %Zu exceeds valid range 0-%Zu",
+- (*expr)->value, mask);
++ "Value %s exceeds valid range 0-%s",
++ valstr, rangestr);
++ free(valstr);
++ free(rangestr);
+ mpz_clear(mask);
+ return -1;
+ }
+--- a/src/gmputil.c
++++ b/src/gmputil.c
+@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ #include <unistd.h>
+ #include <string.h>
+-#include <gmp.h>
+
+ #include <nftables.h>
+ #include <datatype.h>
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/src/mini-gmp-printf.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
++#include <stdarg.h>
++#include <stdbool.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#include <stdlib.h>
++#include <bignum.h>
++
++// nftables mostly uses gmp_printf as below so we build a minimalistic
++// version to avoid the awkwardness of wrapping printf.
++// This requires rewriting other occurences of gmp_printf or
++// variants which are rare (only 1 so far).
++// Also we exclude pr_debug here since this is a rathole
++// and if debugging is desired then libgmp can be used.
++
++int gmp_printf(const char *f, const mpz_t value)
++{
++ int n = 0;
++ while (*f) {
++ if (*f != '%') {
++ if (fputc(*f, stdout) != *f)
++ return -1;
++
++ ++n;
++ } else {
++ unsigned long prec = 0;
++ int base;
++ size_t len;
++ char *str;
++ bool ok;
++
++ if (*++f == '.')
++ prec = strtoul(++f, (char**)&f, 10);
++
++ if (*f++ != 'Z')
++ return -1;
++
++ if (*f == 'u')
++ base = 10;
++ else if (*f == 'x')
++ base = 16;
++ else
++ return -1;
++
++ len = mpz_sizeinbase(value, base);
++ while (--prec >= len) {
++ if (fputc('0', stdout) != '0')
++ return -1;
++
++ ++n;
++ }
++
++ str = mpz_get_str(NULL, base, value);
++ ok = str && fwrite(str, 1, len, stdout) == len;
++ free(str);
++
++ if (!ok)
++ return -1;
++
++ n += len;
++ }
++ ++f;
++ }
++ return n;
++}
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/src/mini-gmp.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,4386 @@
++/* mini-gmp, a minimalistic implementation of a GNU GMP subset.
++
++ Contributed to the GNU project by Niels Möller
++
++Copyright 1991-1997, 1999-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
++
++This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
++
++The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
++it under the terms of either:
++
++ * the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
++ Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
++ option) any later version.
++
++or
++
++ * the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
++ Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
++ later version.
++
++or both in parallel, as here.
++
++The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
++WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
++or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
++for more details.
++
++You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and the
++GNU Lesser General Public License along with the GNU MP Library. If not,
++see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/. */
++
++/* NOTE: All functions in this file which are not declared in
++ mini-gmp.h are internal, and are not intended to be compatible
++ neither with GMP nor with future versions of mini-gmp. */
++
++/* Much of the material copied from GMP files, including: gmp-impl.h,
++ longlong.h, mpn/generic/add_n.c, mpn/generic/addmul_1.c,
++ mpn/generic/lshift.c, mpn/generic/mul_1.c,
++ mpn/generic/mul_basecase.c, mpn/generic/rshift.c,
++ mpn/generic/sbpi1_div_qr.c, mpn/generic/sub_n.c,
++ mpn/generic/submul_1.c. */
++
++#include <assert.h>
++#include <ctype.h>
++#include <limits.h>
++#include <stdio.h>
++#include <stdlib.h>
++#include <string.h>
++
++#include "mini-gmp.h"
++
++\f
++/* Macros */
++#define GMP_LIMB_BITS (sizeof(mp_limb_t) * CHAR_BIT)
++
++#define GMP_LIMB_MAX (~ (mp_limb_t) 0)
++#define GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT ((mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1))
++
++#define GMP_HLIMB_BIT ((mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2))
++#define GMP_LLIMB_MASK (GMP_HLIMB_BIT - 1)
++
++#define GMP_ULONG_BITS (sizeof(unsigned long) * CHAR_BIT)
++#define GMP_ULONG_HIGHBIT ((unsigned long) 1 << (GMP_ULONG_BITS - 1))
++
++#define GMP_ABS(x) ((x) >= 0 ? (x) : -(x))
++#define GMP_NEG_CAST(T,x) (-((T)((x) + 1) - 1))
++
++#define GMP_MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
++#define GMP_MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
++
++#define gmp_assert_nocarry(x) do { \
++ mp_limb_t __cy = x; \
++ assert (__cy == 0); \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_clz(count, x) do { \
++ mp_limb_t __clz_x = (x); \
++ unsigned __clz_c; \
++ for (__clz_c = 0; \
++ (__clz_x & ((mp_limb_t) 0xff << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - 8))) == 0; \
++ __clz_c += 8) \
++ __clz_x <<= 8; \
++ for (; (__clz_x & GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT) == 0; __clz_c++) \
++ __clz_x <<= 1; \
++ (count) = __clz_c; \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_ctz(count, x) do { \
++ mp_limb_t __ctz_x = (x); \
++ unsigned __ctz_c = 0; \
++ gmp_clz (__ctz_c, __ctz_x & - __ctz_x); \
++ (count) = GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1 - __ctz_c; \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_add_ssaaaa(sh, sl, ah, al, bh, bl) \
++ do { \
++ mp_limb_t __x; \
++ __x = (al) + (bl); \
++ (sh) = (ah) + (bh) + (__x < (al)); \
++ (sl) = __x; \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_sub_ddmmss(sh, sl, ah, al, bh, bl) \
++ do { \
++ mp_limb_t __x; \
++ __x = (al) - (bl); \
++ (sh) = (ah) - (bh) - ((al) < (bl)); \
++ (sl) = __x; \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_umul_ppmm(w1, w0, u, v) \
++ do { \
++ mp_limb_t __x0, __x1, __x2, __x3; \
++ unsigned __ul, __vl, __uh, __vh; \
++ mp_limb_t __u = (u), __v = (v); \
++ \
++ __ul = __u & GMP_LLIMB_MASK; \
++ __uh = __u >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2); \
++ __vl = __v & GMP_LLIMB_MASK; \
++ __vh = __v >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2); \
++ \
++ __x0 = (mp_limb_t) __ul * __vl; \
++ __x1 = (mp_limb_t) __ul * __vh; \
++ __x2 = (mp_limb_t) __uh * __vl; \
++ __x3 = (mp_limb_t) __uh * __vh; \
++ \
++ __x1 += __x0 >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);/* this can't give carry */ \
++ __x1 += __x2; /* but this indeed can */ \
++ if (__x1 < __x2) /* did we get it? */ \
++ __x3 += GMP_HLIMB_BIT; /* yes, add it in the proper pos. */ \
++ \
++ (w1) = __x3 + (__x1 >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)); \
++ (w0) = (__x1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) + (__x0 & GMP_LLIMB_MASK); \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_udiv_qrnnd_preinv(q, r, nh, nl, d, di) \
++ do { \
++ mp_limb_t _qh, _ql, _r, _mask; \
++ gmp_umul_ppmm (_qh, _ql, (nh), (di)); \
++ gmp_add_ssaaaa (_qh, _ql, _qh, _ql, (nh) + 1, (nl)); \
++ _r = (nl) - _qh * (d); \
++ _mask = -(mp_limb_t) (_r > _ql); /* both > and >= are OK */ \
++ _qh += _mask; \
++ _r += _mask & (d); \
++ if (_r >= (d)) \
++ { \
++ _r -= (d); \
++ _qh++; \
++ } \
++ \
++ (r) = _r; \
++ (q) = _qh; \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define gmp_udiv_qr_3by2(q, r1, r0, n2, n1, n0, d1, d0, dinv) \
++ do { \
++ mp_limb_t _q0, _t1, _t0, _mask; \
++ gmp_umul_ppmm ((q), _q0, (n2), (dinv)); \
++ gmp_add_ssaaaa ((q), _q0, (q), _q0, (n2), (n1)); \
++ \
++ /* Compute the two most significant limbs of n - q'd */ \
++ (r1) = (n1) - (d1) * (q); \
++ gmp_sub_ddmmss ((r1), (r0), (r1), (n0), (d1), (d0)); \
++ gmp_umul_ppmm (_t1, _t0, (d0), (q)); \
++ gmp_sub_ddmmss ((r1), (r0), (r1), (r0), _t1, _t0); \
++ (q)++; \
++ \
++ /* Conditionally adjust q and the remainders */ \
++ _mask = - (mp_limb_t) ((r1) >= _q0); \
++ (q) += _mask; \
++ gmp_add_ssaaaa ((r1), (r0), (r1), (r0), _mask & (d1), _mask & (d0)); \
++ if ((r1) >= (d1)) \
++ { \
++ if ((r1) > (d1) || (r0) >= (d0)) \
++ { \
++ (q)++; \
++ gmp_sub_ddmmss ((r1), (r0), (r1), (r0), (d1), (d0)); \
++ } \
++ } \
++ } while (0)
++
++/* Swap macros. */
++#define MP_LIMB_T_SWAP(x, y) \
++ do { \
++ mp_limb_t __mp_limb_t_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mp_limb_t_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++#define MP_SIZE_T_SWAP(x, y) \
++ do { \
++ mp_size_t __mp_size_t_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mp_size_t_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++#define MP_BITCNT_T_SWAP(x,y) \
++ do { \
++ mp_bitcnt_t __mp_bitcnt_t_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mp_bitcnt_t_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++#define MP_PTR_SWAP(x, y) \
++ do { \
++ mp_ptr __mp_ptr_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mp_ptr_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++#define MP_SRCPTR_SWAP(x, y) \
++ do { \
++ mp_srcptr __mp_srcptr_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mp_srcptr_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++
++#define MPN_PTR_SWAP(xp,xs, yp,ys) \
++ do { \
++ MP_PTR_SWAP (xp, yp); \
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (xs, ys); \
++ } while(0)
++#define MPN_SRCPTR_SWAP(xp,xs, yp,ys) \
++ do { \
++ MP_SRCPTR_SWAP (xp, yp); \
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (xs, ys); \
++ } while(0)
++
++#define MPZ_PTR_SWAP(x, y) \
++ do { \
++ mpz_ptr __mpz_ptr_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mpz_ptr_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++#define MPZ_SRCPTR_SWAP(x, y) \
++ do { \
++ mpz_srcptr __mpz_srcptr_swap__tmp = (x); \
++ (x) = (y); \
++ (y) = __mpz_srcptr_swap__tmp; \
++ } while (0)
++
++const int mp_bits_per_limb = GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++\f
++/* Memory allocation and other helper functions. */
++static void
++gmp_die (const char *msg)
++{
++ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", msg);
++ abort();
++}
++
++static void *
++gmp_default_alloc (size_t size)
++{
++ void *p;
++
++ assert (size > 0);
++
++ p = malloc (size);
++ if (!p)
++ gmp_die("gmp_default_alloc: Virtual memory exhausted.");
++
++ return p;
++}
++
++static void *
++gmp_default_realloc (void *old, size_t old_size, size_t new_size)
++{
++ mp_ptr p;
++
++ p = realloc (old, new_size);
++
++ if (!p)
++ gmp_die("gmp_default_realoc: Virtual memory exhausted.");
++
++ return p;
++}
++
++static void
++gmp_default_free (void *p, size_t size)
++{
++ free (p);
++}
++
++static void * (*gmp_allocate_func) (size_t) = gmp_default_alloc;
++static void * (*gmp_reallocate_func) (void *, size_t, size_t) = gmp_default_realloc;
++static void (*gmp_free_func) (void *, size_t) = gmp_default_free;
++
++void
++mp_get_memory_functions (void *(**alloc_func) (size_t),
++ void *(**realloc_func) (void *, size_t, size_t),
++ void (**free_func) (void *, size_t))
++{
++ if (alloc_func)
++ *alloc_func = gmp_allocate_func;
++
++ if (realloc_func)
++ *realloc_func = gmp_reallocate_func;
++
++ if (free_func)
++ *free_func = gmp_free_func;
++}
++
++void
++mp_set_memory_functions (void *(*alloc_func) (size_t),
++ void *(*realloc_func) (void *, size_t, size_t),
++ void (*free_func) (void *, size_t))
++{
++ if (!alloc_func)
++ alloc_func = gmp_default_alloc;
++ if (!realloc_func)
++ realloc_func = gmp_default_realloc;
++ if (!free_func)
++ free_func = gmp_default_free;
++
++ gmp_allocate_func = alloc_func;
++ gmp_reallocate_func = realloc_func;
++ gmp_free_func = free_func;
++}
++
++#define gmp_xalloc(size) ((*gmp_allocate_func)((size)))
++#define gmp_free(p) ((*gmp_free_func) ((p), 0))
++
++static mp_ptr
++gmp_xalloc_limbs (mp_size_t size)
++{
++ return gmp_xalloc (size * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
++}
++
++static mp_ptr
++gmp_xrealloc_limbs (mp_ptr old, mp_size_t size)
++{
++ assert (size > 0);
++ return (*gmp_reallocate_func) (old, 0, size * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPN interface */
++
++void
++mpn_copyi (mp_ptr d, mp_srcptr s, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
++ d[i] = s[i];
++}
++
++void
++mpn_copyd (mp_ptr d, mp_srcptr s, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ while (n-- > 0)
++ d[n] = s[n];
++}
++
++int
++mpn_cmp (mp_srcptr ap, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ while (--n >= 0)
++ {
++ if (ap[n] != bp[n])
++ return ap[n] > bp[n] ? 1 : -1;
++ }
++ return 0;
++}
++
++static int
++mpn_cmp4 (mp_srcptr ap, mp_size_t an, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t bn)
++{
++ if (an != bn)
++ return an < bn ? -1 : 1;
++ else
++ return mpn_cmp (ap, bp, an);
++}
++
++static mp_size_t
++mpn_normalized_size (mp_srcptr xp, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ for (; n > 0 && xp[n-1] == 0; n--)
++ ;
++ return n;
++}
++
++#define mpn_zero_p(xp, n) (mpn_normalized_size ((xp), (n)) == 0)
++
++void
++mpn_zero (mp_ptr rp, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
++ rp[i] = 0;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_add_1 (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_size_t n, mp_limb_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ assert (n > 0);
++ i = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ mp_limb_t r = ap[i] + b;
++ /* Carry out */
++ b = (r < b);
++ rp[i] = r;
++ }
++ while (++i < n);
++
++ return b;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_add_n (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ for (i = 0, cy = 0; i < n; i++)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t a, b, r;
++ a = ap[i]; b = bp[i];
++ r = a + cy;
++ cy = (r < cy);
++ r += b;
++ cy += (r < b);
++ rp[i] = r;
++ }
++ return cy;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_add (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_size_t an, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t bn)
++{
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ assert (an >= bn);
++
++ cy = mpn_add_n (rp, ap, bp, bn);
++ if (an > bn)
++ cy = mpn_add_1 (rp + bn, ap + bn, an - bn, cy);
++ return cy;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_sub_1 (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_size_t n, mp_limb_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ assert (n > 0);
++
++ i = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ mp_limb_t a = ap[i];
++ /* Carry out */
++ mp_limb_t cy = a < b;;
++ rp[i] = a - b;
++ b = cy;
++ }
++ while (++i < n);
++
++ return b;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_sub_n (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ for (i = 0, cy = 0; i < n; i++)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t a, b;
++ a = ap[i]; b = bp[i];
++ b += cy;
++ cy = (b < cy);
++ cy += (a < b);
++ rp[i] = a - b;
++ }
++ return cy;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_sub (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_size_t an, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t bn)
++{
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ assert (an >= bn);
++
++ cy = mpn_sub_n (rp, ap, bp, bn);
++ if (an > bn)
++ cy = mpn_sub_1 (rp + bn, ap + bn, an - bn, cy);
++ return cy;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_mul_1 (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t n, mp_limb_t vl)
++{
++ mp_limb_t ul, cl, hpl, lpl;
++
++ assert (n >= 1);
++
++ cl = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ul = *up++;
++ gmp_umul_ppmm (hpl, lpl, ul, vl);
++
++ lpl += cl;
++ cl = (lpl < cl) + hpl;
++
++ *rp++ = lpl;
++ }
++ while (--n != 0);
++
++ return cl;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_addmul_1 (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t n, mp_limb_t vl)
++{
++ mp_limb_t ul, cl, hpl, lpl, rl;
++
++ assert (n >= 1);
++
++ cl = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ul = *up++;
++ gmp_umul_ppmm (hpl, lpl, ul, vl);
++
++ lpl += cl;
++ cl = (lpl < cl) + hpl;
++
++ rl = *rp;
++ lpl = rl + lpl;
++ cl += lpl < rl;
++ *rp++ = lpl;
++ }
++ while (--n != 0);
++
++ return cl;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_submul_1 (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t n, mp_limb_t vl)
++{
++ mp_limb_t ul, cl, hpl, lpl, rl;
++
++ assert (n >= 1);
++
++ cl = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ul = *up++;
++ gmp_umul_ppmm (hpl, lpl, ul, vl);
++
++ lpl += cl;
++ cl = (lpl < cl) + hpl;
++
++ rl = *rp;
++ lpl = rl - lpl;
++ cl += lpl > rl;
++ *rp++ = lpl;
++ }
++ while (--n != 0);
++
++ return cl;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_mul (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t un, mp_srcptr vp, mp_size_t vn)
++{
++ assert (un >= vn);
++ assert (vn >= 1);
++
++ /* We first multiply by the low order limb. This result can be
++ stored, not added, to rp. We also avoid a loop for zeroing this
++ way. */
++
++ rp[un] = mpn_mul_1 (rp, up, un, vp[0]);
++ rp += 1, vp += 1, vn -= 1;
++
++ /* Now accumulate the product of up[] and the next higher limb from
++ vp[]. */
++
++ while (vn >= 1)
++ {
++ rp[un] = mpn_addmul_1 (rp, up, un, vp[0]);
++ rp += 1, vp += 1, vn -= 1;
++ }
++ return rp[un - 1];
++}
++
++void
++mpn_mul_n (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_srcptr bp, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mpn_mul (rp, ap, n, bp, n);
++}
++
++void
++mpn_sqr (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr ap, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mpn_mul (rp, ap, n, ap, n);
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_lshift (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t n, unsigned int cnt)
++{
++ mp_limb_t high_limb, low_limb;
++ unsigned int tnc;
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_limb_t retval;
++
++ assert (n >= 1);
++ assert (cnt >= 1);
++ assert (cnt < GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++
++ up += n;
++ rp += n;
++
++ tnc = GMP_LIMB_BITS - cnt;
++ low_limb = *--up;
++ retval = low_limb >> tnc;
++ high_limb = (low_limb << cnt);
++
++ for (i = n; --i != 0;)
++ {
++ low_limb = *--up;
++ *--rp = high_limb | (low_limb >> tnc);
++ high_limb = (low_limb << cnt);
++ }
++ *--rp = high_limb;
++
++ return retval;
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_rshift (mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t n, unsigned int cnt)
++{
++ mp_limb_t high_limb, low_limb;
++ unsigned int tnc;
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_limb_t retval;
++
++ assert (n >= 1);
++ assert (cnt >= 1);
++ assert (cnt < GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++
++ tnc = GMP_LIMB_BITS - cnt;
++ high_limb = *up++;
++ retval = (high_limb << tnc);
++ low_limb = high_limb >> cnt;
++
++ for (i = n; --i != 0;)
++ {
++ high_limb = *up++;
++ *rp++ = low_limb | (high_limb << tnc);
++ low_limb = high_limb >> cnt;
++ }
++ *rp = low_limb;
++
++ return retval;
++}
++
++static mp_bitcnt_t
++mpn_common_scan (mp_limb_t limb, mp_size_t i, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t un,
++ mp_limb_t ux)
++{
++ unsigned cnt;
++
++ assert (ux == 0 || ux == GMP_LIMB_MAX);
++ assert (0 <= i && i <= un );
++
++ while (limb == 0)
++ {
++ i++;
++ if (i == un)
++ return (ux == 0 ? ~(mp_bitcnt_t) 0 : un * GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++ limb = ux ^ up[i];
++ }
++ gmp_ctz (cnt, limb);
++ return (mp_bitcnt_t) i * GMP_LIMB_BITS + cnt;
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpn_scan1 (mp_srcptr ptr, mp_bitcnt_t bit)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ i = bit / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ return mpn_common_scan ( ptr[i] & (GMP_LIMB_MAX << (bit % GMP_LIMB_BITS)),
++ i, ptr, i, 0);
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpn_scan0 (mp_srcptr ptr, mp_bitcnt_t bit)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ i = bit / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ return mpn_common_scan (~ptr[i] & (GMP_LIMB_MAX << (bit % GMP_LIMB_BITS)),
++ i, ptr, i, GMP_LIMB_MAX);
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPN division interface. */
++mp_limb_t
++mpn_invert_3by2 (mp_limb_t u1, mp_limb_t u0)
++{
++ mp_limb_t r, p, m;
++ unsigned ul, uh;
++ unsigned ql, qh;
++
++ /* First, do a 2/1 inverse. */
++ /* The inverse m is defined as floor( (B^2 - 1 - u1)/u1 ), so that 0 <
++ * B^2 - (B + m) u1 <= u1 */
++ assert (u1 >= GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT);
++
++ ul = u1 & GMP_LLIMB_MASK;
++ uh = u1 >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
++
++ qh = ~u1 / uh;
++ r = ((~u1 - (mp_limb_t) qh * uh) << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | GMP_LLIMB_MASK;
++
++ p = (mp_limb_t) qh * ul;
++ /* Adjustment steps taken from udiv_qrnnd_c */
++ if (r < p)
++ {
++ qh--;
++ r += u1;
++ if (r >= u1) /* i.e. we didn't get carry when adding to r */
++ if (r < p)
++ {
++ qh--;
++ r += u1;
++ }
++ }
++ r -= p;
++
++ /* Do a 3/2 division (with half limb size) */
++ p = (r >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) * qh + r;
++ ql = (p >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) + 1;
++
++ /* By the 3/2 method, we don't need the high half limb. */
++ r = (r << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) + GMP_LLIMB_MASK - ql * u1;
++
++ if (r >= (p << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)))
++ {
++ ql--;
++ r += u1;
++ }
++ m = ((mp_limb_t) qh << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) + ql;
++ if (r >= u1)
++ {
++ m++;
++ r -= u1;
++ }
++
++ if (u0 > 0)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t th, tl;
++ r = ~r;
++ r += u0;
++ if (r < u0)
++ {
++ m--;
++ if (r >= u1)
++ {
++ m--;
++ r -= u1;
++ }
++ r -= u1;
++ }
++ gmp_umul_ppmm (th, tl, u0, m);
++ r += th;
++ if (r < th)
++ {
++ m--;
++ m -= ((r > u1) | ((r == u1) & (tl > u0)));
++ }
++ }
++
++ return m;
++}
++
++struct gmp_div_inverse
++{
++ /* Normalization shift count. */
++ unsigned shift;
++ /* Normalized divisor (d0 unused for mpn_div_qr_1) */
++ mp_limb_t d1, d0;
++ /* Inverse, for 2/1 or 3/2. */
++ mp_limb_t di;
++};
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_1_invert (struct gmp_div_inverse *inv, mp_limb_t d)
++{
++ unsigned shift;
++
++ assert (d > 0);
++ gmp_clz (shift, d);
++ inv->shift = shift;
++ inv->d1 = d << shift;
++ inv->di = mpn_invert_limb (inv->d1);
++}
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_2_invert (struct gmp_div_inverse *inv,
++ mp_limb_t d1, mp_limb_t d0)
++{
++ unsigned shift;
++
++ assert (d1 > 0);
++ gmp_clz (shift, d1);
++ inv->shift = shift;
++ if (shift > 0)
++ {
++ d1 = (d1 << shift) | (d0 >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift));
++ d0 <<= shift;
++ }
++ inv->d1 = d1;
++ inv->d0 = d0;
++ inv->di = mpn_invert_3by2 (d1, d0);
++}
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_invert (struct gmp_div_inverse *inv,
++ mp_srcptr dp, mp_size_t dn)
++{
++ assert (dn > 0);
++
++ if (dn == 1)
++ mpn_div_qr_1_invert (inv, dp[0]);
++ else if (dn == 2)
++ mpn_div_qr_2_invert (inv, dp[1], dp[0]);
++ else
++ {
++ unsigned shift;
++ mp_limb_t d1, d0;
++
++ d1 = dp[dn-1];
++ d0 = dp[dn-2];
++ assert (d1 > 0);
++ gmp_clz (shift, d1);
++ inv->shift = shift;
++ if (shift > 0)
++ {
++ d1 = (d1 << shift) | (d0 >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift));
++ d0 = (d0 << shift) | (dp[dn-3] >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift));
++ }
++ inv->d1 = d1;
++ inv->d0 = d0;
++ inv->di = mpn_invert_3by2 (d1, d0);
++ }
++}
++
++/* Not matching current public gmp interface, rather corresponding to
++ the sbpi1_div_* functions. */
++static mp_limb_t
++mpn_div_qr_1_preinv (mp_ptr qp, mp_srcptr np, mp_size_t nn,
++ const struct gmp_div_inverse *inv)
++{
++ mp_limb_t d, di;
++ mp_limb_t r;
++ mp_ptr tp = NULL;
++
++ if (inv->shift > 0)
++ {
++ tp = gmp_xalloc_limbs (nn);
++ r = mpn_lshift (tp, np, nn, inv->shift);
++ np = tp;
++ }
++ else
++ r = 0;
++
++ d = inv->d1;
++ di = inv->di;
++ while (nn-- > 0)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t q;
++
++ gmp_udiv_qrnnd_preinv (q, r, r, np[nn], d, di);
++ if (qp)
++ qp[nn] = q;
++ }
++ if (inv->shift > 0)
++ gmp_free (tp);
++
++ return r >> inv->shift;
++}
++
++static mp_limb_t
++mpn_div_qr_1 (mp_ptr qp, mp_srcptr np, mp_size_t nn, mp_limb_t d)
++{
++ assert (d > 0);
++
++ /* Special case for powers of two. */
++ if ((d & (d-1)) == 0)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t r = np[0] & (d-1);
++ if (qp)
++ {
++ if (d <= 1)
++ mpn_copyi (qp, np, nn);
++ else
++ {
++ unsigned shift;
++ gmp_ctz (shift, d);
++ mpn_rshift (qp, np, nn, shift);
++ }
++ }
++ return r;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ struct gmp_div_inverse inv;
++ mpn_div_qr_1_invert (&inv, d);
++ return mpn_div_qr_1_preinv (qp, np, nn, &inv);
++ }
++}
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_2_preinv (mp_ptr qp, mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr np, mp_size_t nn,
++ const struct gmp_div_inverse *inv)
++{
++ unsigned shift;
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_limb_t d1, d0, di, r1, r0;
++ mp_ptr tp;
++
++ assert (nn >= 2);
++ shift = inv->shift;
++ d1 = inv->d1;
++ d0 = inv->d0;
++ di = inv->di;
++
++ if (shift > 0)
++ {
++ tp = gmp_xalloc_limbs (nn);
++ r1 = mpn_lshift (tp, np, nn, shift);
++ np = tp;
++ }
++ else
++ r1 = 0;
++
++ r0 = np[nn - 1];
++
++ i = nn - 2;
++ do
++ {
++ mp_limb_t n0, q;
++ n0 = np[i];
++ gmp_udiv_qr_3by2 (q, r1, r0, r1, r0, n0, d1, d0, di);
++
++ if (qp)
++ qp[i] = q;
++ }
++ while (--i >= 0);
++
++ if (shift > 0)
++ {
++ assert ((r0 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift)) == 0);
++ r0 = (r0 >> shift) | (r1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift));
++ r1 >>= shift;
++
++ gmp_free (tp);
++ }
++
++ rp[1] = r1;
++ rp[0] = r0;
++}
++
++#if 0
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_2 (mp_ptr qp, mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr np, mp_size_t nn,
++ mp_limb_t d1, mp_limb_t d0)
++{
++ struct gmp_div_inverse inv;
++ assert (nn >= 2);
++
++ mpn_div_qr_2_invert (&inv, d1, d0);
++ mpn_div_qr_2_preinv (qp, rp, np, nn, &inv);
++}
++#endif
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_pi1 (mp_ptr qp,
++ mp_ptr np, mp_size_t nn, mp_limb_t n1,
++ mp_srcptr dp, mp_size_t dn,
++ mp_limb_t dinv)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ mp_limb_t d1, d0;
++ mp_limb_t cy, cy1;
++ mp_limb_t q;
++
++ assert (dn > 2);
++ assert (nn >= dn);
++
++ d1 = dp[dn - 1];
++ d0 = dp[dn - 2];
++
++ assert ((d1 & GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT) != 0);
++ /* Iteration variable is the index of the q limb.
++ *
++ * We divide <n1, np[dn-1+i], np[dn-2+i], np[dn-3+i],..., np[i]>
++ * by <d1, d0, dp[dn-3], ..., dp[0] >
++ */
++
++ i = nn - dn;
++ do
++ {
++ mp_limb_t n0 = np[dn-1+i];
++
++ if (n1 == d1 && n0 == d0)
++ {
++ q = GMP_LIMB_MAX;
++ mpn_submul_1 (np+i, dp, dn, q);
++ n1 = np[dn-1+i]; /* update n1, last loop's value will now be invalid */
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ gmp_udiv_qr_3by2 (q, n1, n0, n1, n0, np[dn-2+i], d1, d0, dinv);
++
++ cy = mpn_submul_1 (np + i, dp, dn-2, q);
++
++ cy1 = n0 < cy;
++ n0 = n0 - cy;
++ cy = n1 < cy1;
++ n1 = n1 - cy1;
++ np[dn-2+i] = n0;
++
++ if (cy != 0)
++ {
++ n1 += d1 + mpn_add_n (np + i, np + i, dp, dn - 1);
++ q--;
++ }
++ }
++
++ if (qp)
++ qp[i] = q;
++ }
++ while (--i >= 0);
++
++ np[dn - 1] = n1;
++}
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr_preinv (mp_ptr qp, mp_ptr np, mp_size_t nn,
++ mp_srcptr dp, mp_size_t dn,
++ const struct gmp_div_inverse *inv)
++{
++ assert (dn > 0);
++ assert (nn >= dn);
++
++ if (dn == 1)
++ np[0] = mpn_div_qr_1_preinv (qp, np, nn, inv);
++ else if (dn == 2)
++ mpn_div_qr_2_preinv (qp, np, np, nn, inv);
++ else
++ {
++ mp_limb_t nh;
++ unsigned shift;
++
++ assert (inv->d1 == dp[dn-1]);
++ assert (inv->d0 == dp[dn-2]);
++ assert ((inv->d1 & GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT) != 0);
++
++ shift = inv->shift;
++ if (shift > 0)
++ nh = mpn_lshift (np, np, nn, shift);
++ else
++ nh = 0;
++
++ mpn_div_qr_pi1 (qp, np, nn, nh, dp, dn, inv->di);
++
++ if (shift > 0)
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_rshift (np, np, dn, shift));
++ }
++}
++
++static void
++mpn_div_qr (mp_ptr qp, mp_ptr np, mp_size_t nn, mp_srcptr dp, mp_size_t dn)
++{
++ struct gmp_div_inverse inv;
++ mp_ptr tp = NULL;
++
++ assert (dn > 0);
++ assert (nn >= dn);
++
++ mpn_div_qr_invert (&inv, dp, dn);
++ if (dn > 2 && inv.shift > 0)
++ {
++ tp = gmp_xalloc_limbs (dn);
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_lshift (tp, dp, dn, inv.shift));
++ dp = tp;
++ }
++ mpn_div_qr_preinv (qp, np, nn, dp, dn, &inv);
++ if (tp)
++ gmp_free (tp);
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPN base conversion. */
++static unsigned
++mpn_base_power_of_two_p (unsigned b)
++{
++ switch (b)
++ {
++ case 2: return 1;
++ case 4: return 2;
++ case 8: return 3;
++ case 16: return 4;
++ case 32: return 5;
++ case 64: return 6;
++ case 128: return 7;
++ case 256: return 8;
++ default: return 0;
++ }
++}
++
++struct mpn_base_info
++{
++ /* bb is the largest power of the base which fits in one limb, and
++ exp is the corresponding exponent. */
++ unsigned exp;
++ mp_limb_t bb;
++};
++
++static void
++mpn_get_base_info (struct mpn_base_info *info, mp_limb_t b)
++{
++ mp_limb_t m;
++ mp_limb_t p;
++ unsigned exp;
++
++ m = GMP_LIMB_MAX / b;
++ for (exp = 1, p = b; p <= m; exp++)
++ p *= b;
++
++ info->exp = exp;
++ info->bb = p;
++}
++
++static mp_bitcnt_t
++mpn_limb_size_in_base_2 (mp_limb_t u)
++{
++ unsigned shift;
++
++ assert (u > 0);
++ gmp_clz (shift, u);
++ return GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift;
++}
++
++static size_t
++mpn_get_str_bits (unsigned char *sp, unsigned bits, mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t un)
++{
++ unsigned char mask;
++ size_t sn, j;
++ mp_size_t i;
++ int shift;
++
++ sn = ((un - 1) * GMP_LIMB_BITS + mpn_limb_size_in_base_2 (up[un-1])
++ + bits - 1) / bits;
++
++ mask = (1U << bits) - 1;
++
++ for (i = 0, j = sn, shift = 0; j-- > 0;)
++ {
++ unsigned char digit = up[i] >> shift;
++
++ shift += bits;
++
++ if (shift >= GMP_LIMB_BITS && ++i < un)
++ {
++ shift -= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ digit |= up[i] << (bits - shift);
++ }
++ sp[j] = digit & mask;
++ }
++ return sn;
++}
++
++/* We generate digits from the least significant end, and reverse at
++ the end. */
++static size_t
++mpn_limb_get_str (unsigned char *sp, mp_limb_t w,
++ const struct gmp_div_inverse *binv)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ for (i = 0; w > 0; i++)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t h, l, r;
++
++ h = w >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS - binv->shift);
++ l = w << binv->shift;
++
++ gmp_udiv_qrnnd_preinv (w, r, h, l, binv->d1, binv->di);
++ assert ( (r << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - binv->shift)) == 0);
++ r >>= binv->shift;
++
++ sp[i] = r;
++ }
++ return i;
++}
++
++static size_t
++mpn_get_str_other (unsigned char *sp,
++ int base, const struct mpn_base_info *info,
++ mp_ptr up, mp_size_t un)
++{
++ struct gmp_div_inverse binv;
++ size_t sn;
++ size_t i;
++
++ mpn_div_qr_1_invert (&binv, base);
++
++ sn = 0;
++
++ if (un > 1)
++ {
++ struct gmp_div_inverse bbinv;
++ mpn_div_qr_1_invert (&bbinv, info->bb);
++
++ do
++ {
++ mp_limb_t w;
++ size_t done;
++ w = mpn_div_qr_1_preinv (up, up, un, &bbinv);
++ un -= (up[un-1] == 0);
++ done = mpn_limb_get_str (sp + sn, w, &binv);
++
++ for (sn += done; done < info->exp; done++)
++ sp[sn++] = 0;
++ }
++ while (un > 1);
++ }
++ sn += mpn_limb_get_str (sp + sn, up[0], &binv);
++
++ /* Reverse order */
++ for (i = 0; 2*i + 1 < sn; i++)
++ {
++ unsigned char t = sp[i];
++ sp[i] = sp[sn - i - 1];
++ sp[sn - i - 1] = t;
++ }
++
++ return sn;
++}
++
++size_t
++mpn_get_str (unsigned char *sp, int base, mp_ptr up, mp_size_t un)
++{
++ unsigned bits;
++
++ assert (un > 0);
++ assert (up[un-1] > 0);
++
++ bits = mpn_base_power_of_two_p (base);
++ if (bits)
++ return mpn_get_str_bits (sp, bits, up, un);
++ else
++ {
++ struct mpn_base_info info;
++
++ mpn_get_base_info (&info, base);
++ return mpn_get_str_other (sp, base, &info, up, un);
++ }
++}
++
++static mp_size_t
++mpn_set_str_bits (mp_ptr rp, const unsigned char *sp, size_t sn,
++ unsigned bits)
++{
++ mp_size_t rn;
++ size_t j;
++ unsigned shift;
++
++ for (j = sn, rn = 0, shift = 0; j-- > 0; )
++ {
++ if (shift == 0)
++ {
++ rp[rn++] = sp[j];
++ shift += bits;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ rp[rn-1] |= (mp_limb_t) sp[j] << shift;
++ shift += bits;
++ if (shift >= GMP_LIMB_BITS)
++ {
++ shift -= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ if (shift > 0)
++ rp[rn++] = (mp_limb_t) sp[j] >> (bits - shift);
++ }
++ }
++ }
++ rn = mpn_normalized_size (rp, rn);
++ return rn;
++}
++
++static mp_size_t
++mpn_set_str_other (mp_ptr rp, const unsigned char *sp, size_t sn,
++ mp_limb_t b, const struct mpn_base_info *info)
++{
++ mp_size_t rn;
++ mp_limb_t w;
++ unsigned k;
++ size_t j;
++
++ k = 1 + (sn - 1) % info->exp;
++
++ j = 0;
++ w = sp[j++];
++ for (; --k > 0; )
++ w = w * b + sp[j++];
++
++ rp[0] = w;
++
++ for (rn = (w > 0); j < sn;)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ w = sp[j++];
++ for (k = 1; k < info->exp; k++)
++ w = w * b + sp[j++];
++
++ cy = mpn_mul_1 (rp, rp, rn, info->bb);
++ cy += mpn_add_1 (rp, rp, rn, w);
++ if (cy > 0)
++ rp[rn++] = cy;
++ }
++ assert (j == sn);
++
++ return rn;
++}
++
++mp_size_t
++mpn_set_str (mp_ptr rp, const unsigned char *sp, size_t sn, int base)
++{
++ unsigned bits;
++
++ if (sn == 0)
++ return 0;
++
++ bits = mpn_base_power_of_two_p (base);
++ if (bits)
++ return mpn_set_str_bits (rp, sp, sn, bits);
++ else
++ {
++ struct mpn_base_info info;
++
++ mpn_get_base_info (&info, base);
++ return mpn_set_str_other (rp, sp, sn, base, &info);
++ }
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPZ interface */
++void
++mpz_init (mpz_t r)
++{
++ r->_mp_alloc = 1;
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ r->_mp_d = gmp_xalloc_limbs (1);
++}
++
++/* The utility of this function is a bit limited, since many functions
++ assigns the result variable using mpz_swap. */
++void
++mpz_init2 (mpz_t r, mp_bitcnt_t bits)
++{
++ mp_size_t rn;
++
++ bits -= (bits != 0); /* Round down, except if 0 */
++ rn = 1 + bits / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ r->_mp_alloc = rn;
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ r->_mp_d = gmp_xalloc_limbs (rn);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_clear (mpz_t r)
++{
++ gmp_free (r->_mp_d);
++}
++
++static void *
++mpz_realloc (mpz_t r, mp_size_t size)
++{
++ size = GMP_MAX (size, 1);
++
++ r->_mp_d = gmp_xrealloc_limbs (r->_mp_d, size);
++ r->_mp_alloc = size;
++
++ if (GMP_ABS (r->_mp_size) > size)
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++
++ return r->_mp_d;
++}
++
++/* Realloc for an mpz_t WHAT if it has less than NEEDED limbs. */
++#define MPZ_REALLOC(z,n) ((n) > (z)->_mp_alloc \
++ ? mpz_realloc(z,n) \
++ : (z)->_mp_d)
++\f
++/* MPZ assignment and basic conversions. */
++void
++mpz_set_si (mpz_t r, signed long int x)
++{
++ if (x >= 0)
++ mpz_set_ui (r, x);
++ else /* (x < 0) */
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = -1;
++ r->_mp_d[0] = GMP_NEG_CAST (unsigned long int, x);
++ }
++}
++
++void
++mpz_set_ui (mpz_t r, unsigned long int x)
++{
++ if (x > 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 1;
++ r->_mp_d[0] = x;
++ }
++ else
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_set (mpz_t r, const mpz_t x)
++{
++ /* Allow the NOP r == x */
++ if (r != x)
++ {
++ mp_size_t n;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++
++ n = GMP_ABS (x->_mp_size);
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, n);
++
++ mpn_copyi (rp, x->_mp_d, n);
++ r->_mp_size = x->_mp_size;
++ }
++}
++
++void
++mpz_init_set_si (mpz_t r, signed long int x)
++{
++ mpz_init (r);
++ mpz_set_si (r, x);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_init_set_ui (mpz_t r, unsigned long int x)
++{
++ mpz_init (r);
++ mpz_set_ui (r, x);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_init_set (mpz_t r, const mpz_t x)
++{
++ mpz_init (r);
++ mpz_set (r, x);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_fits_slong_p (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mp_size_t us = u->_mp_size;
++
++ if (us == 0)
++ return 1;
++ else if (us == 1)
++ return u->_mp_d[0] < GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
++ else if (us == -1)
++ return u->_mp_d[0] <= GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
++ else
++ return 0;
++}
++
++int
++mpz_fits_ulong_p (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mp_size_t us = u->_mp_size;
++
++ return (us == (us > 0));
++}
++
++long int
++mpz_get_si (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mp_size_t us = u->_mp_size;
++
++ if (us > 0)
++ return (long) (u->_mp_d[0] & ~GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT);
++ else if (us < 0)
++ return (long) (- u->_mp_d[0] | GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT);
++ else
++ return 0;
++}
++
++unsigned long int
++mpz_get_ui (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ return u->_mp_size == 0 ? 0 : u->_mp_d[0];
++}
++
++size_t
++mpz_size (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ return GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++}
++
++mp_limb_t
++mpz_getlimbn (const mpz_t u, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ if (n >= 0 && n < GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size))
++ return u->_mp_d[n];
++ else
++ return 0;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_realloc2 (mpz_t x, mp_bitcnt_t n)
++{
++ mpz_realloc (x, 1 + (n - (n != 0)) / GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++}
++
++mp_srcptr
++mpz_limbs_read (mpz_srcptr x)
++{
++ return x->_mp_d;;
++}
++
++mp_ptr
++mpz_limbs_modify (mpz_t x, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ assert (n > 0);
++ return MPZ_REALLOC (x, n);
++}
++
++mp_ptr
++mpz_limbs_write (mpz_t x, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ return mpz_limbs_modify (x, n);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_limbs_finish (mpz_t x, mp_size_t xs)
++{
++ mp_size_t xn;
++ xn = mpn_normalized_size (x->_mp_d, GMP_ABS (xs));
++ x->_mp_size = xs < 0 ? -xn : xn;
++}
++
++mpz_srcptr
++mpz_roinit_n (mpz_t x, mp_srcptr xp, mp_size_t xs)
++{
++ x->_mp_alloc = 0;
++ x->_mp_d = (mp_ptr) xp;
++ mpz_limbs_finish (x, xs);
++ return x;
++}
++
++\f
++/* Conversions and comparison to double. */
++void
++mpz_set_d (mpz_t r, double x)
++{
++ int sign;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++ mp_size_t rn, i;
++ double B;
++ double Bi;
++ mp_limb_t f;
++
++ /* x != x is true when x is a NaN, and x == x * 0.5 is true when x is
++ zero or infinity. */
++ if (x != x || x == x * 0.5)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ sign = x < 0.0 ;
++ if (sign)
++ x = - x;
++
++ if (x < 1.0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++ B = 2.0 * (double) GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
++ Bi = 1.0 / B;
++ for (rn = 1; x >= B; rn++)
++ x *= Bi;
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, rn);
++
++ f = (mp_limb_t) x;
++ x -= f;
++ assert (x < 1.0);
++ i = rn-1;
++ rp[i] = f;
++ while (--i >= 0)
++ {
++ x = B * x;
++ f = (mp_limb_t) x;
++ x -= f;
++ assert (x < 1.0);
++ rp[i] = f;
++ }
++
++ r->_mp_size = sign ? - rn : rn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_init_set_d (mpz_t r, double x)
++{
++ mpz_init (r);
++ mpz_set_d (r, x);
++}
++
++double
++mpz_get_d (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mp_size_t un;
++ double x;
++ double B = 2.0 * (double) GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++
++ if (un == 0)
++ return 0.0;
++
++ x = u->_mp_d[--un];
++ while (un > 0)
++ x = B*x + u->_mp_d[--un];
++
++ if (u->_mp_size < 0)
++ x = -x;
++
++ return x;
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmpabs_d (const mpz_t x, double d)
++{
++ mp_size_t xn;
++ double B, Bi;
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ xn = x->_mp_size;
++ d = GMP_ABS (d);
++
++ if (xn != 0)
++ {
++ xn = GMP_ABS (xn);
++
++ B = 2.0 * (double) GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
++ Bi = 1.0 / B;
++
++ /* Scale d so it can be compared with the top limb. */
++ for (i = 1; i < xn; i++)
++ d *= Bi;
++
++ if (d >= B)
++ return -1;
++
++ /* Compare floor(d) to top limb, subtract and cancel when equal. */
++ for (i = xn; i-- > 0;)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t f, xl;
++
++ f = (mp_limb_t) d;
++ xl = x->_mp_d[i];
++ if (xl > f)
++ return 1;
++ else if (xl < f)
++ return -1;
++ d = B * (d - f);
++ }
++ }
++ return - (d > 0.0);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmp_d (const mpz_t x, double d)
++{
++ if (x->_mp_size < 0)
++ {
++ if (d >= 0.0)
++ return -1;
++ else
++ return -mpz_cmpabs_d (x, d);
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ if (d < 0.0)
++ return 1;
++ else
++ return mpz_cmpabs_d (x, d);
++ }
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPZ comparisons and the like. */
++int
++mpz_sgn (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mp_size_t usize = u->_mp_size;
++
++ return (usize > 0) - (usize < 0);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmp_si (const mpz_t u, long v)
++{
++ mp_size_t usize = u->_mp_size;
++
++ if (usize < -1)
++ return -1;
++ else if (v >= 0)
++ return mpz_cmp_ui (u, v);
++ else if (usize >= 0)
++ return 1;
++ else /* usize == -1 */
++ {
++ mp_limb_t ul = u->_mp_d[0];
++ if ((mp_limb_t)GMP_NEG_CAST (unsigned long int, v) < ul)
++ return -1;
++ else
++ return (mp_limb_t)GMP_NEG_CAST (unsigned long int, v) > ul;
++ }
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmp_ui (const mpz_t u, unsigned long v)
++{
++ mp_size_t usize = u->_mp_size;
++
++ if (usize > 1)
++ return 1;
++ else if (usize < 0)
++ return -1;
++ else
++ {
++ mp_limb_t ul = (usize > 0) ? u->_mp_d[0] : 0;
++ return (ul > v) - (ul < v);
++ }
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmp (const mpz_t a, const mpz_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t asize = a->_mp_size;
++ mp_size_t bsize = b->_mp_size;
++
++ if (asize != bsize)
++ return (asize < bsize) ? -1 : 1;
++ else if (asize >= 0)
++ return mpn_cmp (a->_mp_d, b->_mp_d, asize);
++ else
++ return mpn_cmp (b->_mp_d, a->_mp_d, -asize);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmpabs_ui (const mpz_t u, unsigned long v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ mp_limb_t ul;
++
++ if (un > 1)
++ return 1;
++
++ ul = (un == 1) ? u->_mp_d[0] : 0;
++
++ return (ul > v) - (ul < v);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_cmpabs (const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ return mpn_cmp4 (u->_mp_d, GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size),
++ v->_mp_d, GMP_ABS (v->_mp_size));
++}
++
++void
++mpz_abs (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ if (r != u)
++ mpz_set (r, u);
++
++ r->_mp_size = GMP_ABS (r->_mp_size);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_neg (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ if (r != u)
++ mpz_set (r, u);
++
++ r->_mp_size = -r->_mp_size;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_swap (mpz_t u, mpz_t v)
++{
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (u->_mp_size, v->_mp_size);
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (u->_mp_alloc, v->_mp_alloc);
++ MP_PTR_SWAP (u->_mp_d, v->_mp_d);
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPZ addition and subtraction */
++
++/* Adds to the absolute value. Returns new size, but doesn't store it. */
++static mp_size_t
++mpz_abs_add_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, unsigned long b)
++{
++ mp_size_t an;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ an = GMP_ABS (a->_mp_size);
++ if (an == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_d[0] = b;
++ return b > 0;
++ }
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, an + 1);
++
++ cy = mpn_add_1 (rp, a->_mp_d, an, b);
++ rp[an] = cy;
++ an += cy;
++
++ return an;
++}
++
++/* Subtract from the absolute value. Returns new size, (or -1 on underflow),
++ but doesn't store it. */
++static mp_size_t
++mpz_abs_sub_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, unsigned long b)
++{
++ mp_size_t an = GMP_ABS (a->_mp_size);
++ mp_ptr rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, an);
++
++ if (an == 0)
++ {
++ rp[0] = b;
++ return -(b > 0);
++ }
++ else if (an == 1 && a->_mp_d[0] < b)
++ {
++ rp[0] = b - a->_mp_d[0];
++ return -1;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_sub_1 (rp, a->_mp_d, an, b));
++ return mpn_normalized_size (rp, an);
++ }
++}
++
++void
++mpz_add_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, unsigned long b)
++{
++ if (a->_mp_size >= 0)
++ r->_mp_size = mpz_abs_add_ui (r, a, b);
++ else
++ r->_mp_size = -mpz_abs_sub_ui (r, a, b);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_sub_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, unsigned long b)
++{
++ if (a->_mp_size < 0)
++ r->_mp_size = -mpz_abs_add_ui (r, a, b);
++ else
++ r->_mp_size = mpz_abs_sub_ui (r, a, b);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_ui_sub (mpz_t r, unsigned long a, const mpz_t b)
++{
++ if (b->_mp_size < 0)
++ r->_mp_size = mpz_abs_add_ui (r, b, a);
++ else
++ r->_mp_size = -mpz_abs_sub_ui (r, b, a);
++}
++
++static mp_size_t
++mpz_abs_add (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, const mpz_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t an = GMP_ABS (a->_mp_size);
++ mp_size_t bn = GMP_ABS (b->_mp_size);
++ mp_ptr rp;
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ if (an < bn)
++ {
++ MPZ_SRCPTR_SWAP (a, b);
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (an, bn);
++ }
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, an + 1);
++ cy = mpn_add (rp, a->_mp_d, an, b->_mp_d, bn);
++
++ rp[an] = cy;
++
++ return an + cy;
++}
++
++static mp_size_t
++mpz_abs_sub (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, const mpz_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t an = GMP_ABS (a->_mp_size);
++ mp_size_t bn = GMP_ABS (b->_mp_size);
++ int cmp;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++
++ cmp = mpn_cmp4 (a->_mp_d, an, b->_mp_d, bn);
++ if (cmp > 0)
++ {
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, an);
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_sub (rp, a->_mp_d, an, b->_mp_d, bn));
++ return mpn_normalized_size (rp, an);
++ }
++ else if (cmp < 0)
++ {
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, bn);
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_sub (rp, b->_mp_d, bn, a->_mp_d, an));
++ return -mpn_normalized_size (rp, bn);
++ }
++ else
++ return 0;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_add (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, const mpz_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t rn;
++
++ if ( (a->_mp_size ^ b->_mp_size) >= 0)
++ rn = mpz_abs_add (r, a, b);
++ else
++ rn = mpz_abs_sub (r, a, b);
++
++ r->_mp_size = a->_mp_size >= 0 ? rn : - rn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_sub (mpz_t r, const mpz_t a, const mpz_t b)
++{
++ mp_size_t rn;
++
++ if ( (a->_mp_size ^ b->_mp_size) >= 0)
++ rn = mpz_abs_sub (r, a, b);
++ else
++ rn = mpz_abs_add (r, a, b);
++
++ r->_mp_size = a->_mp_size >= 0 ? rn : - rn;
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPZ multiplication */
++void
++mpz_mul_si (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, long int v)
++{
++ if (v < 0)
++ {
++ mpz_mul_ui (r, u, GMP_NEG_CAST (unsigned long int, v));
++ mpz_neg (r, r);
++ }
++ else
++ mpz_mul_ui (r, u, (unsigned long int) v);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_mul_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, unsigned long int v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, us;
++ mp_ptr tp;
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ us = u->_mp_size;
++
++ if (us == 0 || v == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (us);
++
++ tp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, un + 1);
++ cy = mpn_mul_1 (tp, u->_mp_d, un, v);
++ tp[un] = cy;
++
++ un += (cy > 0);
++ r->_mp_size = (us < 0) ? - un : un;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_mul (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ int sign;
++ mp_size_t un, vn, rn;
++ mpz_t t;
++ mp_ptr tp;
++
++ un = u->_mp_size;
++ vn = v->_mp_size;
++
++ if (un == 0 || vn == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ sign = (un ^ vn) < 0;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (un);
++ vn = GMP_ABS (vn);
++
++ mpz_init2 (t, (un + vn) * GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++
++ tp = t->_mp_d;
++ if (un >= vn)
++ mpn_mul (tp, u->_mp_d, un, v->_mp_d, vn);
++ else
++ mpn_mul (tp, v->_mp_d, vn, u->_mp_d, un);
++
++ rn = un + vn;
++ rn -= tp[rn-1] == 0;
++
++ t->_mp_size = sign ? - rn : rn;
++ mpz_swap (r, t);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_mul_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t bits)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, rn;
++ mp_size_t limbs;
++ unsigned shift;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ if (un == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ limbs = bits / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ shift = bits % GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ rn = un + limbs + (shift > 0);
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, rn);
++ if (shift > 0)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t cy = mpn_lshift (rp + limbs, u->_mp_d, un, shift);
++ rp[rn-1] = cy;
++ rn -= (cy == 0);
++ }
++ else
++ mpn_copyd (rp + limbs, u->_mp_d, un);
++
++ while (limbs > 0)
++ rp[--limbs] = 0;
++
++ r->_mp_size = (u->_mp_size < 0) ? - rn : rn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_addmul_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, unsigned long int v)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++ mpz_init (t);
++ mpz_mul_ui (t, u, v);
++ mpz_add (r, r, t);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_submul_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, unsigned long int v)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++ mpz_init (t);
++ mpz_mul_ui (t, u, v);
++ mpz_sub (r, r, t);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_addmul (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++ mpz_init (t);
++ mpz_mul (t, u, v);
++ mpz_add (r, r, t);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_submul (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++ mpz_init (t);
++ mpz_mul (t, u, v);
++ mpz_sub (r, r, t);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPZ division */
++enum mpz_div_round_mode { GMP_DIV_FLOOR, GMP_DIV_CEIL, GMP_DIV_TRUNC };
++
++/* Allows q or r to be zero. Returns 1 iff remainder is non-zero. */
++static int
++mpz_div_qr (mpz_t q, mpz_t r,
++ const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d, enum mpz_div_round_mode mode)
++{
++ mp_size_t ns, ds, nn, dn, qs;
++ ns = n->_mp_size;
++ ds = d->_mp_size;
++
++ if (ds == 0)
++ gmp_die("mpz_div_qr: Divide by zero.");
++
++ if (ns == 0)
++ {
++ if (q)
++ q->_mp_size = 0;
++ if (r)
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return 0;
++ }
++
++ nn = GMP_ABS (ns);
++ dn = GMP_ABS (ds);
++
++ qs = ds ^ ns;
++
++ if (nn < dn)
++ {
++ if (mode == GMP_DIV_CEIL && qs >= 0)
++ {
++ /* q = 1, r = n - d */
++ if (r)
++ mpz_sub (r, n, d);
++ if (q)
++ mpz_set_ui (q, 1);
++ }
++ else if (mode == GMP_DIV_FLOOR && qs < 0)
++ {
++ /* q = -1, r = n + d */
++ if (r)
++ mpz_add (r, n, d);
++ if (q)
++ mpz_set_si (q, -1);
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ /* q = 0, r = d */
++ if (r)
++ mpz_set (r, n);
++ if (q)
++ q->_mp_size = 0;
++ }
++ return 1;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ mp_ptr np, qp;
++ mp_size_t qn, rn;
++ mpz_t tq, tr;
++
++ mpz_init_set (tr, n);
++ np = tr->_mp_d;
++
++ qn = nn - dn + 1;
++
++ if (q)
++ {
++ mpz_init2 (tq, qn * GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++ qp = tq->_mp_d;
++ }
++ else
++ qp = NULL;
++
++ mpn_div_qr (qp, np, nn, d->_mp_d, dn);
++
++ if (qp)
++ {
++ qn -= (qp[qn-1] == 0);
++
++ tq->_mp_size = qs < 0 ? -qn : qn;
++ }
++ rn = mpn_normalized_size (np, dn);
++ tr->_mp_size = ns < 0 ? - rn : rn;
++
++ if (mode == GMP_DIV_FLOOR && qs < 0 && rn != 0)
++ {
++ if (q)
++ mpz_sub_ui (tq, tq, 1);
++ if (r)
++ mpz_add (tr, tr, d);
++ }
++ else if (mode == GMP_DIV_CEIL && qs >= 0 && rn != 0)
++ {
++ if (q)
++ mpz_add_ui (tq, tq, 1);
++ if (r)
++ mpz_sub (tr, tr, d);
++ }
++
++ if (q)
++ {
++ mpz_swap (tq, q);
++ mpz_clear (tq);
++ }
++ if (r)
++ mpz_swap (tr, r);
++
++ mpz_clear (tr);
++
++ return rn != 0;
++ }
++}
++
++void
++mpz_cdiv_qr (mpz_t q, mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (q, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_fdiv_qr (mpz_t q, mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (q, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_tdiv_qr (mpz_t q, mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (q, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_cdiv_q (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_fdiv_q (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_tdiv_q (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_cdiv_r (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_fdiv_r (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_tdiv_r (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_mod (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ mpz_div_qr (NULL, r, n, d, d->_mp_size >= 0 ? GMP_DIV_FLOOR : GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++static void
++mpz_div_q_2exp (mpz_t q, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index,
++ enum mpz_div_round_mode mode)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, qn;
++ mp_size_t limb_cnt;
++ mp_ptr qp;
++ int adjust;
++
++ un = u->_mp_size;
++ if (un == 0)
++ {
++ q->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++ limb_cnt = bit_index / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ qn = GMP_ABS (un) - limb_cnt;
++ bit_index %= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ if (mode == ((un > 0) ? GMP_DIV_CEIL : GMP_DIV_FLOOR)) /* un != 0 here. */
++ /* Note: Below, the final indexing at limb_cnt is valid because at
++ that point we have qn > 0. */
++ adjust = (qn <= 0
++ || !mpn_zero_p (u->_mp_d, limb_cnt)
++ || (u->_mp_d[limb_cnt]
++ & (((mp_limb_t) 1 << bit_index) - 1)));
++ else
++ adjust = 0;
++
++ if (qn <= 0)
++ qn = 0;
++
++ else
++ {
++ qp = MPZ_REALLOC (q, qn);
++
++ if (bit_index != 0)
++ {
++ mpn_rshift (qp, u->_mp_d + limb_cnt, qn, bit_index);
++ qn -= qp[qn - 1] == 0;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ mpn_copyi (qp, u->_mp_d + limb_cnt, qn);
++ }
++ }
++
++ q->_mp_size = qn;
++
++ if (adjust)
++ mpz_add_ui (q, q, 1);
++ if (un < 0)
++ mpz_neg (q, q);
++}
++
++static void
++mpz_div_r_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index,
++ enum mpz_div_round_mode mode)
++{
++ mp_size_t us, un, rn;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++ mp_limb_t mask;
++
++ us = u->_mp_size;
++ if (us == 0 || bit_index == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++ rn = (bit_index + GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ assert (rn > 0);
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, rn);
++ un = GMP_ABS (us);
++
++ mask = GMP_LIMB_MAX >> (rn * GMP_LIMB_BITS - bit_index);
++
++ if (rn > un)
++ {
++ /* Quotient (with truncation) is zero, and remainder is
++ non-zero */
++ if (mode == ((us > 0) ? GMP_DIV_CEIL : GMP_DIV_FLOOR)) /* us != 0 here. */
++ {
++ /* Have to negate and sign extend. */
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ for (cy = 1, i = 0; i < un; i++)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t s = ~u->_mp_d[i] + cy;
++ cy = s < cy;
++ rp[i] = s;
++ }
++ assert (cy == 0);
++ for (; i < rn - 1; i++)
++ rp[i] = GMP_LIMB_MAX;
++
++ rp[rn-1] = mask;
++ us = -us;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ /* Just copy */
++ if (r != u)
++ mpn_copyi (rp, u->_mp_d, un);
++
++ rn = un;
++ }
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ if (r != u)
++ mpn_copyi (rp, u->_mp_d, rn - 1);
++
++ rp[rn-1] = u->_mp_d[rn-1] & mask;
++
++ if (mode == ((us > 0) ? GMP_DIV_CEIL : GMP_DIV_FLOOR)) /* us != 0 here. */
++ {
++ /* If r != 0, compute 2^{bit_count} - r. */
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ for (i = 0; i < rn && rp[i] == 0; i++)
++ ;
++ if (i < rn)
++ {
++ /* r > 0, need to flip sign. */
++ rp[i] = ~rp[i] + 1;
++ while (++i < rn)
++ rp[i] = ~rp[i];
++
++ rp[rn-1] &= mask;
++
++ /* us is not used for anything else, so we can modify it
++ here to indicate flipped sign. */
++ us = -us;
++ }
++ }
++ }
++ rn = mpn_normalized_size (rp, rn);
++ r->_mp_size = us < 0 ? -rn : rn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_cdiv_q_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t cnt)
++{
++ mpz_div_q_2exp (r, u, cnt, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_fdiv_q_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t cnt)
++{
++ mpz_div_q_2exp (r, u, cnt, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_tdiv_q_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t cnt)
++{
++ mpz_div_q_2exp (r, u, cnt, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_cdiv_r_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t cnt)
++{
++ mpz_div_r_2exp (r, u, cnt, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_fdiv_r_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t cnt)
++{
++ mpz_div_r_2exp (r, u, cnt, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_tdiv_r_2exp (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t cnt)
++{
++ mpz_div_r_2exp (r, u, cnt, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_divexact (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpz_div_qr (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC));
++}
++
++int
++mpz_divisible_p (const mpz_t n, const mpz_t d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr (NULL, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC) == 0;
++}
++
++int
++mpz_congruent_p (const mpz_t a, const mpz_t b, const mpz_t m)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++ int res;
++
++ /* a == b (mod 0) iff a == b */
++ if (mpz_sgn (m) == 0)
++ return (mpz_cmp (a, b) == 0);
++
++ mpz_init (t);
++ mpz_sub (t, a, b);
++ res = mpz_divisible_p (t, m);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++
++ return res;
++}
++
++static unsigned long
++mpz_div_qr_ui (mpz_t q, mpz_t r,
++ const mpz_t n, unsigned long d, enum mpz_div_round_mode mode)
++{
++ mp_size_t ns, qn;
++ mp_ptr qp;
++ mp_limb_t rl;
++ mp_size_t rs;
++
++ ns = n->_mp_size;
++ if (ns == 0)
++ {
++ if (q)
++ q->_mp_size = 0;
++ if (r)
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return 0;
++ }
++
++ qn = GMP_ABS (ns);
++ if (q)
++ qp = MPZ_REALLOC (q, qn);
++ else
++ qp = NULL;
++
++ rl = mpn_div_qr_1 (qp, n->_mp_d, qn, d);
++ assert (rl < d);
++
++ rs = rl > 0;
++ rs = (ns < 0) ? -rs : rs;
++
++ if (rl > 0 && ( (mode == GMP_DIV_FLOOR && ns < 0)
++ || (mode == GMP_DIV_CEIL && ns >= 0)))
++ {
++ if (q)
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_add_1 (qp, qp, qn, 1));
++ rl = d - rl;
++ rs = -rs;
++ }
++
++ if (r)
++ {
++ r->_mp_d[0] = rl;
++ r->_mp_size = rs;
++ }
++ if (q)
++ {
++ qn -= (qp[qn-1] == 0);
++ assert (qn == 0 || qp[qn-1] > 0);
++
++ q->_mp_size = (ns < 0) ? - qn : qn;
++ }
++
++ return rl;
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_cdiv_qr_ui (mpz_t q, mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (q, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_fdiv_qr_ui (mpz_t q, mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (q, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_tdiv_qr_ui (mpz_t q, mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (q, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_cdiv_q_ui (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_fdiv_q_ui (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_tdiv_q_ui (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_cdiv_r_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++unsigned long
++mpz_fdiv_r_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++unsigned long
++mpz_tdiv_r_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_cdiv_ui (const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_CEIL);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_fdiv_ui (const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_tdiv_ui (const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC);
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_mod_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, r, n, d, GMP_DIV_FLOOR);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_divexact_ui (mpz_t q, const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpz_div_qr_ui (q, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC));
++}
++
++int
++mpz_divisible_ui_p (const mpz_t n, unsigned long d)
++{
++ return mpz_div_qr_ui (NULL, NULL, n, d, GMP_DIV_TRUNC) == 0;
++}
++
++\f
++/* GCD */
++static mp_limb_t
++mpn_gcd_11 (mp_limb_t u, mp_limb_t v)
++{
++ unsigned shift;
++
++ assert ( (u | v) > 0);
++
++ if (u == 0)
++ return v;
++ else if (v == 0)
++ return u;
++
++ gmp_ctz (shift, u | v);
++
++ u >>= shift;
++ v >>= shift;
++
++ if ( (u & 1) == 0)
++ MP_LIMB_T_SWAP (u, v);
++
++ while ( (v & 1) == 0)
++ v >>= 1;
++
++ while (u != v)
++ {
++ if (u > v)
++ {
++ u -= v;
++ do
++ u >>= 1;
++ while ( (u & 1) == 0);
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ v -= u;
++ do
++ v >>= 1;
++ while ( (v & 1) == 0);
++ }
++ }
++ return u << shift;
++}
++
++unsigned long
++mpz_gcd_ui (mpz_t g, const mpz_t u, unsigned long v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un;
++
++ if (v == 0)
++ {
++ if (g)
++ mpz_abs (g, u);
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ if (un != 0)
++ v = mpn_gcd_11 (mpn_div_qr_1 (NULL, u->_mp_d, un, v), v);
++
++ if (g)
++ mpz_set_ui (g, v);
++ }
++
++ return v;
++}
++
++static mp_bitcnt_t
++mpz_make_odd (mpz_t r)
++{
++ mp_bitcnt_t shift;
++
++ assert (r->_mp_size > 0);
++ /* Count trailing zeros, equivalent to mpn_scan1, because we know that there is a 1 */
++ shift = mpn_common_scan (r->_mp_d[0], 0, r->_mp_d, 0, 0);
++ mpz_tdiv_q_2exp (r, r, shift);
++
++ return shift;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_gcd (mpz_t g, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mpz_t tu, tv;
++ mp_bitcnt_t uz, vz, gz;
++
++ if (u->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_abs (g, v);
++ return;
++ }
++ if (v->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_abs (g, u);
++ return;
++ }
++
++ mpz_init (tu);
++ mpz_init (tv);
++
++ mpz_abs (tu, u);
++ uz = mpz_make_odd (tu);
++ mpz_abs (tv, v);
++ vz = mpz_make_odd (tv);
++ gz = GMP_MIN (uz, vz);
++
++ if (tu->_mp_size < tv->_mp_size)
++ mpz_swap (tu, tv);
++
++ mpz_tdiv_r (tu, tu, tv);
++ if (tu->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_swap (g, tv);
++ }
++ else
++ for (;;)
++ {
++ int c;
++
++ mpz_make_odd (tu);
++ c = mpz_cmp (tu, tv);
++ if (c == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_swap (g, tu);
++ break;
++ }
++ if (c < 0)
++ mpz_swap (tu, tv);
++
++ if (tv->_mp_size == 1)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t vl = tv->_mp_d[0];
++ mp_limb_t ul = mpz_tdiv_ui (tu, vl);
++ mpz_set_ui (g, mpn_gcd_11 (ul, vl));
++ break;
++ }
++ mpz_sub (tu, tu, tv);
++ }
++ mpz_clear (tu);
++ mpz_clear (tv);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (g, g, gz);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_gcdext (mpz_t g, mpz_t s, mpz_t t, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mpz_t tu, tv, s0, s1, t0, t1;
++ mp_bitcnt_t uz, vz, gz;
++ mp_bitcnt_t power;
++
++ if (u->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ /* g = 0 u + sgn(v) v */
++ signed long sign = mpz_sgn (v);
++ mpz_abs (g, v);
++ if (s)
++ mpz_set_ui (s, 0);
++ if (t)
++ mpz_set_si (t, sign);
++ return;
++ }
++
++ if (v->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ /* g = sgn(u) u + 0 v */
++ signed long sign = mpz_sgn (u);
++ mpz_abs (g, u);
++ if (s)
++ mpz_set_si (s, sign);
++ if (t)
++ mpz_set_ui (t, 0);
++ return;
++ }
++
++ mpz_init (tu);
++ mpz_init (tv);
++ mpz_init (s0);
++ mpz_init (s1);
++ mpz_init (t0);
++ mpz_init (t1);
++
++ mpz_abs (tu, u);
++ uz = mpz_make_odd (tu);
++ mpz_abs (tv, v);
++ vz = mpz_make_odd (tv);
++ gz = GMP_MIN (uz, vz);
++
++ uz -= gz;
++ vz -= gz;
++
++ /* Cofactors corresponding to odd gcd. gz handled later. */
++ if (tu->_mp_size < tv->_mp_size)
++ {
++ mpz_swap (tu, tv);
++ MPZ_SRCPTR_SWAP (u, v);
++ MPZ_PTR_SWAP (s, t);
++ MP_BITCNT_T_SWAP (uz, vz);
++ }
++
++ /* Maintain
++ *
++ * u = t0 tu + t1 tv
++ * v = s0 tu + s1 tv
++ *
++ * where u and v denote the inputs with common factors of two
++ * eliminated, and det (s0, t0; s1, t1) = 2^p. Then
++ *
++ * 2^p tu = s1 u - t1 v
++ * 2^p tv = -s0 u + t0 v
++ */
++
++ /* After initial division, tu = q tv + tu', we have
++ *
++ * u = 2^uz (tu' + q tv)
++ * v = 2^vz tv
++ *
++ * or
++ *
++ * t0 = 2^uz, t1 = 2^uz q
++ * s0 = 0, s1 = 2^vz
++ */
++
++ mpz_setbit (t0, uz);
++ mpz_tdiv_qr (t1, tu, tu, tv);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (t1, t1, uz);
++
++ mpz_setbit (s1, vz);
++ power = uz + vz;
++
++ if (tu->_mp_size > 0)
++ {
++ mp_bitcnt_t shift;
++ shift = mpz_make_odd (tu);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (t0, t0, shift);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (s0, s0, shift);
++ power += shift;
++
++ for (;;)
++ {
++ int c;
++ c = mpz_cmp (tu, tv);
++ if (c == 0)
++ break;
++
++ if (c < 0)
++ {
++ /* tv = tv' + tu
++ *
++ * u = t0 tu + t1 (tv' + tu) = (t0 + t1) tu + t1 tv'
++ * v = s0 tu + s1 (tv' + tu) = (s0 + s1) tu + s1 tv' */
++
++ mpz_sub (tv, tv, tu);
++ mpz_add (t0, t0, t1);
++ mpz_add (s0, s0, s1);
++
++ shift = mpz_make_odd (tv);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (t1, t1, shift);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (s1, s1, shift);
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ mpz_sub (tu, tu, tv);
++ mpz_add (t1, t0, t1);
++ mpz_add (s1, s0, s1);
++
++ shift = mpz_make_odd (tu);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (t0, t0, shift);
++ mpz_mul_2exp (s0, s0, shift);
++ }
++ power += shift;
++ }
++ }
++
++ /* Now tv = odd part of gcd, and -s0 and t0 are corresponding
++ cofactors. */
++
++ mpz_mul_2exp (tv, tv, gz);
++ mpz_neg (s0, s0);
++
++ /* 2^p g = s0 u + t0 v. Eliminate one factor of two at a time. To
++ adjust cofactors, we need u / g and v / g */
++
++ mpz_divexact (s1, v, tv);
++ mpz_abs (s1, s1);
++ mpz_divexact (t1, u, tv);
++ mpz_abs (t1, t1);
++
++ while (power-- > 0)
++ {
++ /* s0 u + t0 v = (s0 - v/g) u - (t0 + u/g) v */
++ if (mpz_odd_p (s0) || mpz_odd_p (t0))
++ {
++ mpz_sub (s0, s0, s1);
++ mpz_add (t0, t0, t1);
++ }
++ mpz_divexact_ui (s0, s0, 2);
++ mpz_divexact_ui (t0, t0, 2);
++ }
++
++ /* Arrange so that |s| < |u| / 2g */
++ mpz_add (s1, s0, s1);
++ if (mpz_cmpabs (s0, s1) > 0)
++ {
++ mpz_swap (s0, s1);
++ mpz_sub (t0, t0, t1);
++ }
++ if (u->_mp_size < 0)
++ mpz_neg (s0, s0);
++ if (v->_mp_size < 0)
++ mpz_neg (t0, t0);
++
++ mpz_swap (g, tv);
++ if (s)
++ mpz_swap (s, s0);
++ if (t)
++ mpz_swap (t, t0);
++
++ mpz_clear (tu);
++ mpz_clear (tv);
++ mpz_clear (s0);
++ mpz_clear (s1);
++ mpz_clear (t0);
++ mpz_clear (t1);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_lcm (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mpz_t g;
++
++ if (u->_mp_size == 0 || v->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ mpz_init (g);
++
++ mpz_gcd (g, u, v);
++ mpz_divexact (g, u, g);
++ mpz_mul (r, g, v);
++
++ mpz_clear (g);
++ mpz_abs (r, r);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_lcm_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, unsigned long v)
++{
++ if (v == 0 || u->_mp_size == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ v /= mpz_gcd_ui (NULL, u, v);
++ mpz_mul_ui (r, u, v);
++
++ mpz_abs (r, r);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_invert (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t m)
++{
++ mpz_t g, tr;
++ int invertible;
++
++ if (u->_mp_size == 0 || mpz_cmpabs_ui (m, 1) <= 0)
++ return 0;
++
++ mpz_init (g);
++ mpz_init (tr);
++
++ mpz_gcdext (g, tr, NULL, u, m);
++ invertible = (mpz_cmp_ui (g, 1) == 0);
++
++ if (invertible)
++ {
++ if (tr->_mp_size < 0)
++ {
++ if (m->_mp_size >= 0)
++ mpz_add (tr, tr, m);
++ else
++ mpz_sub (tr, tr, m);
++ }
++ mpz_swap (r, tr);
++ }
++
++ mpz_clear (g);
++ mpz_clear (tr);
++ return invertible;
++}
++
++\f
++/* Higher level operations (sqrt, pow and root) */
++
++void
++mpz_pow_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t b, unsigned long e)
++{
++ unsigned long bit;
++ mpz_t tr;
++ mpz_init_set_ui (tr, 1);
++
++ bit = GMP_ULONG_HIGHBIT;
++ do
++ {
++ mpz_mul (tr, tr, tr);
++ if (e & bit)
++ mpz_mul (tr, tr, b);
++ bit >>= 1;
++ }
++ while (bit > 0);
++
++ mpz_swap (r, tr);
++ mpz_clear (tr);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_ui_pow_ui (mpz_t r, unsigned long blimb, unsigned long e)
++{
++ mpz_t b;
++ mpz_init_set_ui (b, blimb);
++ mpz_pow_ui (r, b, e);
++ mpz_clear (b);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_powm (mpz_t r, const mpz_t b, const mpz_t e, const mpz_t m)
++{
++ mpz_t tr;
++ mpz_t base;
++ mp_size_t en, mn;
++ mp_srcptr mp;
++ struct gmp_div_inverse minv;
++ unsigned shift;
++ mp_ptr tp = NULL;
++
++ en = GMP_ABS (e->_mp_size);
++ mn = GMP_ABS (m->_mp_size);
++ if (mn == 0)
++ gmp_die ("mpz_powm: Zero modulo.");
++
++ if (en == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_set_ui (r, 1);
++ return;
++ }
++
++ mp = m->_mp_d;
++ mpn_div_qr_invert (&minv, mp, mn);
++ shift = minv.shift;
++
++ if (shift > 0)
++ {
++ /* To avoid shifts, we do all our reductions, except the final
++ one, using a *normalized* m. */
++ minv.shift = 0;
++
++ tp = gmp_xalloc_limbs (mn);
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_lshift (tp, mp, mn, shift));
++ mp = tp;
++ }
++
++ mpz_init (base);
++
++ if (e->_mp_size < 0)
++ {
++ if (!mpz_invert (base, b, m))
++ gmp_die ("mpz_powm: Negative exponent and non-invertible base.");
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ mp_size_t bn;
++ mpz_abs (base, b);
++
++ bn = base->_mp_size;
++ if (bn >= mn)
++ {
++ mpn_div_qr_preinv (NULL, base->_mp_d, base->_mp_size, mp, mn, &minv);
++ bn = mn;
++ }
++
++ /* We have reduced the absolute value. Now take care of the
++ sign. Note that we get zero represented non-canonically as
++ m. */
++ if (b->_mp_size < 0)
++ {
++ mp_ptr bp = MPZ_REALLOC (base, mn);
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_sub (bp, mp, mn, bp, bn));
++ bn = mn;
++ }
++ base->_mp_size = mpn_normalized_size (base->_mp_d, bn);
++ }
++ mpz_init_set_ui (tr, 1);
++
++ while (en-- > 0)
++ {
++ mp_limb_t w = e->_mp_d[en];
++ mp_limb_t bit;
++
++ bit = GMP_LIMB_HIGHBIT;
++ do
++ {
++ mpz_mul (tr, tr, tr);
++ if (w & bit)
++ mpz_mul (tr, tr, base);
++ if (tr->_mp_size > mn)
++ {
++ mpn_div_qr_preinv (NULL, tr->_mp_d, tr->_mp_size, mp, mn, &minv);
++ tr->_mp_size = mpn_normalized_size (tr->_mp_d, mn);
++ }
++ bit >>= 1;
++ }
++ while (bit > 0);
++ }
++
++ /* Final reduction */
++ if (tr->_mp_size >= mn)
++ {
++ minv.shift = shift;
++ mpn_div_qr_preinv (NULL, tr->_mp_d, tr->_mp_size, mp, mn, &minv);
++ tr->_mp_size = mpn_normalized_size (tr->_mp_d, mn);
++ }
++ if (tp)
++ gmp_free (tp);
++
++ mpz_swap (r, tr);
++ mpz_clear (tr);
++ mpz_clear (base);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_powm_ui (mpz_t r, const mpz_t b, unsigned long elimb, const mpz_t m)
++{
++ mpz_t e;
++ mpz_init_set_ui (e, elimb);
++ mpz_powm (r, b, e, m);
++ mpz_clear (e);
++}
++
++/* x=trunc(y^(1/z)), r=y-x^z */
++void
++mpz_rootrem (mpz_t x, mpz_t r, const mpz_t y, unsigned long z)
++{
++ int sgn;
++ mpz_t t, u;
++
++ sgn = y->_mp_size < 0;
++ if ((~z & sgn) != 0)
++ gmp_die ("mpz_rootrem: Negative argument, with even root.");
++ if (z == 0)
++ gmp_die ("mpz_rootrem: Zeroth root.");
++
++ if (mpz_cmpabs_ui (y, 1) <= 0) {
++ if (x)
++ mpz_set (x, y);
++ if (r)
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ mpz_init (u);
++ {
++ mp_bitcnt_t tb;
++ tb = mpz_sizeinbase (y, 2) / z + 1;
++ mpz_init2 (t, tb);
++ mpz_setbit (t, tb);
++ }
++
++ if (z == 2) /* simplify sqrt loop: z-1 == 1 */
++ do {
++ mpz_swap (u, t); /* u = x */
++ mpz_tdiv_q (t, y, u); /* t = y/x */
++ mpz_add (t, t, u); /* t = y/x + x */
++ mpz_tdiv_q_2exp (t, t, 1); /* x'= (y/x + x)/2 */
++ } while (mpz_cmpabs (t, u) < 0); /* |x'| < |x| */
++ else /* z != 2 */ {
++ mpz_t v;
++
++ mpz_init (v);
++ if (sgn)
++ mpz_neg (t, t);
++
++ do {
++ mpz_swap (u, t); /* u = x */
++ mpz_pow_ui (t, u, z - 1); /* t = x^(z-1) */
++ mpz_tdiv_q (t, y, t); /* t = y/x^(z-1) */
++ mpz_mul_ui (v, u, z - 1); /* v = x*(z-1) */
++ mpz_add (t, t, v); /* t = y/x^(z-1) + x*(z-1) */
++ mpz_tdiv_q_ui (t, t, z); /* x'=(y/x^(z-1) + x*(z-1))/z */
++ } while (mpz_cmpabs (t, u) < 0); /* |x'| < |x| */
++
++ mpz_clear (v);
++ }
++
++ if (r) {
++ mpz_pow_ui (t, u, z);
++ mpz_sub (r, y, t);
++ }
++ if (x)
++ mpz_swap (x, u);
++ mpz_clear (u);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_root (mpz_t x, const mpz_t y, unsigned long z)
++{
++ int res;
++ mpz_t r;
++
++ mpz_init (r);
++ mpz_rootrem (x, r, y, z);
++ res = r->_mp_size == 0;
++ mpz_clear (r);
++
++ return res;
++}
++
++/* Compute s = floor(sqrt(u)) and r = u - s^2. Allows r == NULL */
++void
++mpz_sqrtrem (mpz_t s, mpz_t r, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mpz_rootrem (s, r, u, 2);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_sqrt (mpz_t s, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mpz_rootrem (s, NULL, u, 2);
++}
++
++int
++mpz_perfect_square_p (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ if (u->_mp_size <= 0)
++ return (u->_mp_size == 0);
++ else
++ return mpz_root (NULL, u, 2);
++}
++
++int
++mpn_perfect_square_p (mp_srcptr p, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++
++ assert (n > 0);
++ assert (p [n-1] != 0);
++ return mpz_root (NULL, mpz_roinit_n (t, p, n), 2);
++}
++
++mp_size_t
++mpn_sqrtrem (mp_ptr sp, mp_ptr rp, mp_srcptr p, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mpz_t s, r, u;
++ mp_size_t res;
++
++ assert (n > 0);
++ assert (p [n-1] != 0);
++
++ mpz_init (r);
++ mpz_init (s);
++ mpz_rootrem (s, r, mpz_roinit_n (u, p, n), 2);
++
++ assert (s->_mp_size == (n+1)/2);
++ mpn_copyd (sp, s->_mp_d, s->_mp_size);
++ mpz_clear (s);
++ res = r->_mp_size;
++ if (rp)
++ mpn_copyd (rp, r->_mp_d, res);
++ mpz_clear (r);
++ return res;
++}
++\f
++/* Combinatorics */
++
++void
++mpz_fac_ui (mpz_t x, unsigned long n)
++{
++ mpz_set_ui (x, n + (n == 0));
++ for (;n > 2;)
++ mpz_mul_ui (x, x, --n);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_bin_uiui (mpz_t r, unsigned long n, unsigned long k)
++{
++ mpz_t t;
++
++ mpz_set_ui (r, k <= n);
++
++ if (k > (n >> 1))
++ k = (k <= n) ? n - k : 0;
++
++ mpz_init (t);
++ mpz_fac_ui (t, k);
++
++ for (; k > 0; k--)
++ mpz_mul_ui (r, r, n--);
++
++ mpz_divexact (r, r, t);
++ mpz_clear (t);
++}
++
++\f
++/* Primality testing */
++static int
++gmp_millerrabin (const mpz_t n, const mpz_t nm1, mpz_t y,
++ const mpz_t q, mp_bitcnt_t k)
++{
++ assert (k > 0);
++
++ /* Caller must initialize y to the base. */
++ mpz_powm (y, y, q, n);
++
++ if (mpz_cmp_ui (y, 1) == 0 || mpz_cmp (y, nm1) == 0)
++ return 1;
++
++ while (--k > 0)
++ {
++ mpz_powm_ui (y, y, 2, n);
++ if (mpz_cmp (y, nm1) == 0)
++ return 1;
++ /* y == 1 means that the previous y was a non-trivial square root
++ of 1 (mod n). y == 0 means that n is a power of the base.
++ In either case, n is not prime. */
++ if (mpz_cmp_ui (y, 1) <= 0)
++ return 0;
++ }
++ return 0;
++}
++
++/* This product is 0xc0cfd797, and fits in 32 bits. */
++#define GMP_PRIME_PRODUCT \
++ (3UL*5UL*7UL*11UL*13UL*17UL*19UL*23UL*29UL)
++
++/* Bit (p+1)/2 is set, for each odd prime <= 61 */
++#define GMP_PRIME_MASK 0xc96996dcUL
++
++int
++mpz_probab_prime_p (const mpz_t n, int reps)
++{
++ mpz_t nm1;
++ mpz_t q;
++ mpz_t y;
++ mp_bitcnt_t k;
++ int is_prime;
++ int j;
++
++ /* Note that we use the absolute value of n only, for compatibility
++ with the real GMP. */
++ if (mpz_even_p (n))
++ return (mpz_cmpabs_ui (n, 2) == 0) ? 2 : 0;
++
++ /* Above test excludes n == 0 */
++ assert (n->_mp_size != 0);
++
++ if (mpz_cmpabs_ui (n, 64) < 0)
++ return (GMP_PRIME_MASK >> (n->_mp_d[0] >> 1)) & 2;
++
++ if (mpz_gcd_ui (NULL, n, GMP_PRIME_PRODUCT) != 1)
++ return 0;
++
++ /* All prime factors are >= 31. */
++ if (mpz_cmpabs_ui (n, 31*31) < 0)
++ return 2;
++
++ /* Use Miller-Rabin, with a deterministic sequence of bases, a[j] =
++ j^2 + j + 41 using Euler's polynomial. We potentially stop early,
++ if a[j] >= n - 1. Since n >= 31*31, this can happen only if reps >
++ 30 (a[30] == 971 > 31*31 == 961). */
++
++ mpz_init (nm1);
++ mpz_init (q);
++ mpz_init (y);
++
++ /* Find q and k, where q is odd and n = 1 + 2**k * q. */
++ nm1->_mp_size = mpz_abs_sub_ui (nm1, n, 1);
++ k = mpz_scan1 (nm1, 0);
++ mpz_tdiv_q_2exp (q, nm1, k);
++
++ for (j = 0, is_prime = 1; is_prime & (j < reps); j++)
++ {
++ mpz_set_ui (y, (unsigned long) j*j+j+41);
++ if (mpz_cmp (y, nm1) >= 0)
++ {
++ /* Don't try any further bases. This "early" break does not affect
++ the result for any reasonable reps value (<=5000 was tested) */
++ assert (j >= 30);
++ break;
++ }
++ is_prime = gmp_millerrabin (n, nm1, y, q, k);
++ }
++ mpz_clear (nm1);
++ mpz_clear (q);
++ mpz_clear (y);
++
++ return is_prime;
++}
++
++\f
++/* Logical operations and bit manipulation. */
++
++/* Numbers are treated as if represented in two's complement (and
++ infinitely sign extended). For a negative values we get the two's
++ complement from -x = ~x + 1, where ~ is bitwise complement.
++ Negation transforms
++
++ xxxx10...0
++
++ into
++
++ yyyy10...0
++
++ where yyyy is the bitwise complement of xxxx. So least significant
++ bits, up to and including the first one bit, are unchanged, and
++ the more significant bits are all complemented.
++
++ To change a bit from zero to one in a negative number, subtract the
++ corresponding power of two from the absolute value. This can never
++ underflow. To change a bit from one to zero, add the corresponding
++ power of two, and this might overflow. E.g., if x = -001111, the
++ two's complement is 110001. Clearing the least significant bit, we
++ get two's complement 110000, and -010000. */
++
++int
++mpz_tstbit (const mpz_t d, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index)
++{
++ mp_size_t limb_index;
++ unsigned shift;
++ mp_size_t ds;
++ mp_size_t dn;
++ mp_limb_t w;
++ int bit;
++
++ ds = d->_mp_size;
++ dn = GMP_ABS (ds);
++ limb_index = bit_index / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ if (limb_index >= dn)
++ return ds < 0;
++
++ shift = bit_index % GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ w = d->_mp_d[limb_index];
++ bit = (w >> shift) & 1;
++
++ if (ds < 0)
++ {
++ /* d < 0. Check if any of the bits below is set: If so, our bit
++ must be complemented. */
++ if (shift > 0 && (w << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - shift)) > 0)
++ return bit ^ 1;
++ while (limb_index-- > 0)
++ if (d->_mp_d[limb_index] > 0)
++ return bit ^ 1;
++ }
++ return bit;
++}
++
++static void
++mpz_abs_add_bit (mpz_t d, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index)
++{
++ mp_size_t dn, limb_index;
++ mp_limb_t bit;
++ mp_ptr dp;
++
++ dn = GMP_ABS (d->_mp_size);
++
++ limb_index = bit_index / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ bit = (mp_limb_t) 1 << (bit_index % GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++
++ if (limb_index >= dn)
++ {
++ mp_size_t i;
++ /* The bit should be set outside of the end of the number.
++ We have to increase the size of the number. */
++ dp = MPZ_REALLOC (d, limb_index + 1);
++
++ dp[limb_index] = bit;
++ for (i = dn; i < limb_index; i++)
++ dp[i] = 0;
++ dn = limb_index + 1;
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ mp_limb_t cy;
++
++ dp = d->_mp_d;
++
++ cy = mpn_add_1 (dp + limb_index, dp + limb_index, dn - limb_index, bit);
++ if (cy > 0)
++ {
++ dp = MPZ_REALLOC (d, dn + 1);
++ dp[dn++] = cy;
++ }
++ }
++
++ d->_mp_size = (d->_mp_size < 0) ? - dn : dn;
++}
++
++static void
++mpz_abs_sub_bit (mpz_t d, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index)
++{
++ mp_size_t dn, limb_index;
++ mp_ptr dp;
++ mp_limb_t bit;
++
++ dn = GMP_ABS (d->_mp_size);
++ dp = d->_mp_d;
++
++ limb_index = bit_index / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ bit = (mp_limb_t) 1 << (bit_index % GMP_LIMB_BITS);
++
++ assert (limb_index < dn);
++
++ gmp_assert_nocarry (mpn_sub_1 (dp + limb_index, dp + limb_index,
++ dn - limb_index, bit));
++ dn = mpn_normalized_size (dp, dn);
++ d->_mp_size = (d->_mp_size < 0) ? - dn : dn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_setbit (mpz_t d, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index)
++{
++ if (!mpz_tstbit (d, bit_index))
++ {
++ if (d->_mp_size >= 0)
++ mpz_abs_add_bit (d, bit_index);
++ else
++ mpz_abs_sub_bit (d, bit_index);
++ }
++}
++
++void
++mpz_clrbit (mpz_t d, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index)
++{
++ if (mpz_tstbit (d, bit_index))
++ {
++ if (d->_mp_size >= 0)
++ mpz_abs_sub_bit (d, bit_index);
++ else
++ mpz_abs_add_bit (d, bit_index);
++ }
++}
++
++void
++mpz_combit (mpz_t d, mp_bitcnt_t bit_index)
++{
++ if (mpz_tstbit (d, bit_index) ^ (d->_mp_size < 0))
++ mpz_abs_sub_bit (d, bit_index);
++ else
++ mpz_abs_add_bit (d, bit_index);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_com (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mpz_neg (r, u);
++ mpz_sub_ui (r, r, 1);
++}
++
++void
++mpz_and (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, vn, rn, i;
++ mp_ptr up, vp, rp;
++
++ mp_limb_t ux, vx, rx;
++ mp_limb_t uc, vc, rc;
++ mp_limb_t ul, vl, rl;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ vn = GMP_ABS (v->_mp_size);
++ if (un < vn)
++ {
++ MPZ_SRCPTR_SWAP (u, v);
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (un, vn);
++ }
++ if (vn == 0)
++ {
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return;
++ }
++
++ uc = u->_mp_size < 0;
++ vc = v->_mp_size < 0;
++ rc = uc & vc;
++
++ ux = -uc;
++ vx = -vc;
++ rx = -rc;
++
++ /* If the smaller input is positive, higher limbs don't matter. */
++ rn = vx ? un : vn;
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, rn + rc);
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++ vp = v->_mp_d;
++
++ i = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ ux) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ vl = (vp[i] ^ vx) + vc;
++ vc = vl < vc;
++
++ rl = ( (ul & vl) ^ rx) + rc;
++ rc = rl < rc;
++ rp[i] = rl;
++ }
++ while (++i < vn);
++ assert (vc == 0);
++
++ for (; i < rn; i++)
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ ux) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ rl = ( (ul & vx) ^ rx) + rc;
++ rc = rl < rc;
++ rp[i] = rl;
++ }
++ if (rc)
++ rp[rn++] = rc;
++ else
++ rn = mpn_normalized_size (rp, rn);
++
++ r->_mp_size = rx ? -rn : rn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_ior (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, vn, rn, i;
++ mp_ptr up, vp, rp;
++
++ mp_limb_t ux, vx, rx;
++ mp_limb_t uc, vc, rc;
++ mp_limb_t ul, vl, rl;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ vn = GMP_ABS (v->_mp_size);
++ if (un < vn)
++ {
++ MPZ_SRCPTR_SWAP (u, v);
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (un, vn);
++ }
++ if (vn == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_set (r, u);
++ return;
++ }
++
++ uc = u->_mp_size < 0;
++ vc = v->_mp_size < 0;
++ rc = uc | vc;
++
++ ux = -uc;
++ vx = -vc;
++ rx = -rc;
++
++ /* If the smaller input is negative, by sign extension higher limbs
++ don't matter. */
++ rn = vx ? vn : un;
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, rn + rc);
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++ vp = v->_mp_d;
++
++ i = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ ux) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ vl = (vp[i] ^ vx) + vc;
++ vc = vl < vc;
++
++ rl = ( (ul | vl) ^ rx) + rc;
++ rc = rl < rc;
++ rp[i] = rl;
++ }
++ while (++i < vn);
++ assert (vc == 0);
++
++ for (; i < rn; i++)
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ ux) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ rl = ( (ul | vx) ^ rx) + rc;
++ rc = rl < rc;
++ rp[i] = rl;
++ }
++ if (rc)
++ rp[rn++] = rc;
++ else
++ rn = mpn_normalized_size (rp, rn);
++
++ r->_mp_size = rx ? -rn : rn;
++}
++
++void
++mpz_xor (mpz_t r, const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, vn, i;
++ mp_ptr up, vp, rp;
++
++ mp_limb_t ux, vx, rx;
++ mp_limb_t uc, vc, rc;
++ mp_limb_t ul, vl, rl;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ vn = GMP_ABS (v->_mp_size);
++ if (un < vn)
++ {
++ MPZ_SRCPTR_SWAP (u, v);
++ MP_SIZE_T_SWAP (un, vn);
++ }
++ if (vn == 0)
++ {
++ mpz_set (r, u);
++ return;
++ }
++
++ uc = u->_mp_size < 0;
++ vc = v->_mp_size < 0;
++ rc = uc ^ vc;
++
++ ux = -uc;
++ vx = -vc;
++ rx = -rc;
++
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, un + rc);
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++ vp = v->_mp_d;
++
++ i = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ ux) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ vl = (vp[i] ^ vx) + vc;
++ vc = vl < vc;
++
++ rl = (ul ^ vl ^ rx) + rc;
++ rc = rl < rc;
++ rp[i] = rl;
++ }
++ while (++i < vn);
++ assert (vc == 0);
++
++ for (; i < un; i++)
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ ux) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ rl = (ul ^ ux) + rc;
++ rc = rl < rc;
++ rp[i] = rl;
++ }
++ if (rc)
++ rp[un++] = rc;
++ else
++ un = mpn_normalized_size (rp, un);
++
++ r->_mp_size = rx ? -un : un;
++}
++
++static unsigned
++gmp_popcount_limb (mp_limb_t x)
++{
++ unsigned c;
++
++ /* Do 16 bits at a time, to avoid limb-sized constants. */
++ for (c = 0; x > 0; x >>= 16)
++ {
++ unsigned w = ((x >> 1) & 0x5555) + (x & 0x5555);
++ w = ((w >> 2) & 0x3333) + (w & 0x3333);
++ w = ((w >> 4) & 0x0f0f) + (w & 0x0f0f);
++ w = (w >> 8) + (w & 0x00ff);
++ c += w;
++ }
++ return c;
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpn_popcount (mp_srcptr p, mp_size_t n)
++{
++ mp_size_t i;
++ mp_bitcnt_t c;
++
++ for (c = 0, i = 0; i < n; i++)
++ c += gmp_popcount_limb (p[i]);
++
++ return c;
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpz_popcount (const mpz_t u)
++{
++ mp_size_t un;
++
++ un = u->_mp_size;
++
++ if (un < 0)
++ return ~(mp_bitcnt_t) 0;
++
++ return mpn_popcount (u->_mp_d, un);
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpz_hamdist (const mpz_t u, const mpz_t v)
++{
++ mp_size_t un, vn, i;
++ mp_limb_t uc, vc, ul, vl, comp;
++ mp_srcptr up, vp;
++ mp_bitcnt_t c;
++
++ un = u->_mp_size;
++ vn = v->_mp_size;
++
++ if ( (un ^ vn) < 0)
++ return ~(mp_bitcnt_t) 0;
++
++ comp = - (uc = vc = (un < 0));
++ if (uc)
++ {
++ assert (vn < 0);
++ un = -un;
++ vn = -vn;
++ }
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++ vp = v->_mp_d;
++
++ if (un < vn)
++ MPN_SRCPTR_SWAP (up, un, vp, vn);
++
++ for (i = 0, c = 0; i < vn; i++)
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ comp) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ vl = (vp[i] ^ comp) + vc;
++ vc = vl < vc;
++
++ c += gmp_popcount_limb (ul ^ vl);
++ }
++ assert (vc == 0);
++
++ for (; i < un; i++)
++ {
++ ul = (up[i] ^ comp) + uc;
++ uc = ul < uc;
++
++ c += gmp_popcount_limb (ul ^ comp);
++ }
++
++ return c;
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpz_scan1 (const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t starting_bit)
++{
++ mp_ptr up;
++ mp_size_t us, un, i;
++ mp_limb_t limb, ux;
++
++ us = u->_mp_size;
++ un = GMP_ABS (us);
++ i = starting_bit / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ /* Past the end there's no 1 bits for u>=0, or an immediate 1 bit
++ for u<0. Notice this test picks up any u==0 too. */
++ if (i >= un)
++ return (us >= 0 ? ~(mp_bitcnt_t) 0 : starting_bit);
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++ ux = 0;
++ limb = up[i];
++
++ if (starting_bit != 0)
++ {
++ if (us < 0)
++ {
++ ux = mpn_zero_p (up, i);
++ limb = ~ limb + ux;
++ ux = - (mp_limb_t) (limb >= ux);
++ }
++
++ /* Mask to 0 all bits before starting_bit, thus ignoring them. */
++ limb &= (GMP_LIMB_MAX << (starting_bit % GMP_LIMB_BITS));
++ }
++
++ return mpn_common_scan (limb, i, up, un, ux);
++}
++
++mp_bitcnt_t
++mpz_scan0 (const mpz_t u, mp_bitcnt_t starting_bit)
++{
++ mp_ptr up;
++ mp_size_t us, un, i;
++ mp_limb_t limb, ux;
++
++ us = u->_mp_size;
++ ux = - (mp_limb_t) (us >= 0);
++ un = GMP_ABS (us);
++ i = starting_bit / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++
++ /* When past end, there's an immediate 0 bit for u>=0, or no 0 bits for
++ u<0. Notice this test picks up all cases of u==0 too. */
++ if (i >= un)
++ return (ux ? starting_bit : ~(mp_bitcnt_t) 0);
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++ limb = up[i] ^ ux;
++
++ if (ux == 0)
++ limb -= mpn_zero_p (up, i); /* limb = ~(~limb + zero_p) */
++
++ /* Mask all bits before starting_bit, thus ignoring them. */
++ limb &= (GMP_LIMB_MAX << (starting_bit % GMP_LIMB_BITS));
++
++ return mpn_common_scan (limb, i, up, un, ux);
++}
++
++\f
++/* MPZ base conversion. */
++
++size_t
++mpz_sizeinbase (const mpz_t u, int base)
++{
++ mp_size_t un;
++ mp_srcptr up;
++ mp_ptr tp;
++ mp_bitcnt_t bits;
++ struct gmp_div_inverse bi;
++ size_t ndigits;
++
++ assert (base >= 2);
++ assert (base <= 36);
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++ if (un == 0)
++ return 1;
++
++ up = u->_mp_d;
++
++ bits = (un - 1) * GMP_LIMB_BITS + mpn_limb_size_in_base_2 (up[un-1]);
++ switch (base)
++ {
++ case 2:
++ return bits;
++ case 4:
++ return (bits + 1) / 2;
++ case 8:
++ return (bits + 2) / 3;
++ case 16:
++ return (bits + 3) / 4;
++ case 32:
++ return (bits + 4) / 5;
++ /* FIXME: Do something more clever for the common case of base
++ 10. */
++ }
++
++ tp = gmp_xalloc_limbs (un);
++ mpn_copyi (tp, up, un);
++ mpn_div_qr_1_invert (&bi, base);
++
++ ndigits = 0;
++ do
++ {
++ ndigits++;
++ mpn_div_qr_1_preinv (tp, tp, un, &bi);
++ un -= (tp[un-1] == 0);
++ }
++ while (un > 0);
++
++ gmp_free (tp);
++ return ndigits;
++}
++
++char *
++mpz_get_str (char *sp, int base, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ unsigned bits;
++ const char *digits;
++ mp_size_t un;
++ size_t i, sn;
++
++ if (base >= 0)
++ {
++ digits = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ base = -base;
++ digits = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
++ }
++ if (base <= 1)
++ base = 10;
++ if (base > 36)
++ return NULL;
++
++ sn = 1 + mpz_sizeinbase (u, base);
++ if (!sp)
++ sp = gmp_xalloc (1 + sn);
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (u->_mp_size);
++
++ if (un == 0)
++ {
++ sp[0] = '0';
++ sp[1] = '\0';
++ return sp;
++ }
++
++ i = 0;
++
++ if (u->_mp_size < 0)
++ sp[i++] = '-';
++
++ bits = mpn_base_power_of_two_p (base);
++
++ if (bits)
++ /* Not modified in this case. */
++ sn = i + mpn_get_str_bits ((unsigned char *) sp + i, bits, u->_mp_d, un);
++ else
++ {
++ struct mpn_base_info info;
++ mp_ptr tp;
++
++ mpn_get_base_info (&info, base);
++ tp = gmp_xalloc_limbs (un);
++ mpn_copyi (tp, u->_mp_d, un);
++
++ sn = i + mpn_get_str_other ((unsigned char *) sp + i, base, &info, tp, un);
++ gmp_free (tp);
++ }
++
++ for (; i < sn; i++)
++ sp[i] = digits[(unsigned char) sp[i]];
++
++ sp[sn] = '\0';
++ return sp;
++}
++
++int
++mpz_set_str (mpz_t r, const char *sp, int base)
++{
++ unsigned bits;
++ mp_size_t rn, alloc;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++ size_t sn;
++ int sign;
++ unsigned char *dp;
++
++ assert (base == 0 || (base >= 2 && base <= 36));
++
++ while (isspace( (unsigned char) *sp))
++ sp++;
++
++ sign = (*sp == '-');
++ sp += sign;
++
++ if (base == 0)
++ {
++ if (*sp == '0')
++ {
++ sp++;
++ if (*sp == 'x' || *sp == 'X')
++ {
++ base = 16;
++ sp++;
++ }
++ else if (*sp == 'b' || *sp == 'B')
++ {
++ base = 2;
++ sp++;
++ }
++ else
++ base = 8;
++ }
++ else
++ base = 10;
++ }
++
++ sn = strlen (sp);
++ dp = gmp_xalloc (sn + (sn == 0));
++
++ for (sn = 0; *sp; sp++)
++ {
++ unsigned digit;
++
++ if (isspace ((unsigned char) *sp))
++ continue;
++ if (*sp >= '0' && *sp <= '9')
++ digit = *sp - '0';
++ else if (*sp >= 'a' && *sp <= 'z')
++ digit = *sp - 'a' + 10;
++ else if (*sp >= 'A' && *sp <= 'Z')
++ digit = *sp - 'A' + 10;
++ else
++ digit = base; /* fail */
++
++ if (digit >= base)
++ {
++ gmp_free (dp);
++ r->_mp_size = 0;
++ return -1;
++ }
++
++ dp[sn++] = digit;
++ }
++
++ bits = mpn_base_power_of_two_p (base);
++
++ if (bits > 0)
++ {
++ alloc = (sn * bits + GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, alloc);
++ rn = mpn_set_str_bits (rp, dp, sn, bits);
++ }
++ else
++ {
++ struct mpn_base_info info;
++ mpn_get_base_info (&info, base);
++ alloc = (sn + info.exp - 1) / info.exp;
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, alloc);
++ rn = mpn_set_str_other (rp, dp, sn, base, &info);
++ }
++ assert (rn <= alloc);
++ gmp_free (dp);
++
++ r->_mp_size = sign ? - rn : rn;
++
++ return 0;
++}
++
++int
++mpz_init_set_str (mpz_t r, const char *sp, int base)
++{
++ mpz_init (r);
++ return mpz_set_str (r, sp, base);
++}
++
++size_t
++mpz_out_str (FILE *stream, int base, const mpz_t x)
++{
++ char *str;
++ size_t len;
++
++ str = mpz_get_str (NULL, base, x);
++ len = strlen (str);
++ len = fwrite (str, 1, len, stream);
++ gmp_free (str);
++ return len;
++}
++
++\f
++static int
++gmp_detect_endian (void)
++{
++ static const int i = 2;
++ const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *) &i;
++ return 1 - *p;
++}
++
++/* Import and export. Does not support nails. */
++void
++mpz_import (mpz_t r, size_t count, int order, size_t size, int endian,
++ size_t nails, const void *src)
++{
++ const unsigned char *p;
++ ptrdiff_t word_step;
++ mp_ptr rp;
++ mp_size_t rn;
++
++ /* The current (partial) limb. */
++ mp_limb_t limb;
++ /* The number of bytes already copied to this limb (starting from
++ the low end). */
++ size_t bytes;
++ /* The index where the limb should be stored, when completed. */
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ if (nails != 0)
++ gmp_die ("mpz_import: Nails not supported.");
++
++ assert (order == 1 || order == -1);
++ assert (endian >= -1 && endian <= 1);
++
++ if (endian == 0)
++ endian = gmp_detect_endian ();
++
++ p = (unsigned char *) src;
++
++ word_step = (order != endian) ? 2 * size : 0;
++
++ /* Process bytes from the least significant end, so point p at the
++ least significant word. */
++ if (order == 1)
++ {
++ p += size * (count - 1);
++ word_step = - word_step;
++ }
++
++ /* And at least significant byte of that word. */
++ if (endian == 1)
++ p += (size - 1);
++
++ rn = (size * count + sizeof(mp_limb_t) - 1) / sizeof(mp_limb_t);
++ rp = MPZ_REALLOC (r, rn);
++
++ for (limb = 0, bytes = 0, i = 0; count > 0; count--, p += word_step)
++ {
++ size_t j;
++ for (j = 0; j < size; j++, p -= (ptrdiff_t) endian)
++ {
++ limb |= (mp_limb_t) *p << (bytes++ * CHAR_BIT);
++ if (bytes == sizeof(mp_limb_t))
++ {
++ rp[i++] = limb;
++ bytes = 0;
++ limb = 0;
++ }
++ }
++ }
++ assert (i + (bytes > 0) == rn);
++ if (limb != 0)
++ rp[i++] = limb;
++ else
++ i = mpn_normalized_size (rp, i);
++
++ r->_mp_size = i;
++}
++
++void *
++mpz_export (void *r, size_t *countp, int order, size_t size, int endian,
++ size_t nails, const mpz_t u)
++{
++ size_t count;
++ mp_size_t un;
++
++ if (nails != 0)
++ gmp_die ("mpz_import: Nails not supported.");
++
++ assert (order == 1 || order == -1);
++ assert (endian >= -1 && endian <= 1);
++ assert (size > 0 || u->_mp_size == 0);
++
++ un = u->_mp_size;
++ count = 0;
++ if (un != 0)
++ {
++ size_t k;
++ unsigned char *p;
++ ptrdiff_t word_step;
++ /* The current (partial) limb. */
++ mp_limb_t limb;
++ /* The number of bytes left to to in this limb. */
++ size_t bytes;
++ /* The index where the limb was read. */
++ mp_size_t i;
++
++ un = GMP_ABS (un);
++
++ /* Count bytes in top limb. */
++ limb = u->_mp_d[un-1];
++ assert (limb != 0);
++
++ k = 0;
++ do {
++ k++; limb >>= CHAR_BIT;
++ } while (limb != 0);
++
++ count = (k + (un-1) * sizeof (mp_limb_t) + size - 1) / size;
++
++ if (!r)
++ r = gmp_xalloc (count * size);
++
++ if (endian == 0)
++ endian = gmp_detect_endian ();
++
++ p = (unsigned char *) r;
++
++ word_step = (order != endian) ? 2 * size : 0;
++
++ /* Process bytes from the least significant end, so point p at the
++ least significant word. */
++ if (order == 1)
++ {
++ p += size * (count - 1);
++ word_step = - word_step;
++ }
++
++ /* And at least significant byte of that word. */
++ if (endian == 1)
++ p += (size - 1);
++
++ for (bytes = 0, i = 0, k = 0; k < count; k++, p += word_step)
++ {
++ size_t j;
++ for (j = 0; j < size; j++, p -= (ptrdiff_t) endian)
++ {
++ if (bytes == 0)
++ {
++ if (i < un)
++ limb = u->_mp_d[i++];
++ bytes = sizeof (mp_limb_t);
++ }
++ *p = limb;
++ limb >>= CHAR_BIT;
++ bytes--;
++ }
++ }
++ assert (i == un);
++ assert (k == count);
++ }
++
++ if (countp)
++ *countp = count;
++
++ return r;
++}
projects / openwrt / staging / stintel.git / commitdiff